Waterborne Diseases Quiz PDF

A) Typhoid B) Cholera C) Poliomyelitis D) Giardiasis **Answer: C) Poliomyelitis** ### **3. Which bacterial disease is commonly spread through contaminated water?** A) Malaria B) Cholera C) Amoebiasis D) Dengue **Answer: B) Cholera** ### **4. What is the main cause of amoebiasis?** A) Bacteria B)...

A) Typhoid B) Cholera C) Poliomyelitis D) Giardiasis **Answer: C) Poliomyelitis** ### **3. Which bacterial disease is commonly spread through contaminated water?** A) Malaria B) Cholera C) Amoebiasis D) Dengue **Answer: B) Cholera** ### **4. What is the main cause of amoebiasis?** A) Bacteria B) Virus C) Protozoa D) Helminths **Answer: C) Protozoa** ### **5. Which disease is caused by the parasite Schistosoma found in contaminated water?** A) Schistosomiasis B) Poliomyelitis C) Giardiasis D) Bacillary dysentery **Answer: A) Schistosomiasis** ### **6. What is the main host for Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease)?** A) Mosquito B) Cyclops C) Snail D) Rat **Answer: B) Cyclops** ### **7. Which of the following is NOT a biological water hazard?** A) Hepatitis A B) Lead poisoning C) Typhoid D) Giardiasis **Answer: B) Lead poisoning** ### **8. Which chemical is responsible for dental caries when present in low amounts?** A) Lead B) Fluoride C) Nitrate D) Sulfate **Answer: B) Fluoride** ### **9. Excess fluoride in drinking water causes:** A) Goiter B) Skeletal fluorosis C) Lead poisoning D) Blue baby syndrome **Answer: B) Skeletal fluorosis** ### **10. High levels of nitrates in drinking water can cause:** A) Dental fluorosis B) Cyanosis in infants C) Goiter D) Typhoid **Answer: B) Cyanosis in infants** ### **11. Deficiency of iodine in drinking water can lead to:** A) Poliomyelitis B) Goiter C) Cholera D) Schistosomiasis **Answer: B) Goiter** ### **12. What can dissolved organic impurities in water cause?** A) Dental caries B) Diarrhea and dyspepsia C) Poliomyelitis D) Skeletal fluorosis **Answer: B) Diarrhea and dyspepsia** ### **13. Which chemical in contaminated water can cause lead poisoning?** A) Zinc B) Fluoride C) Lead D) Sulfate **Answer: C) Lead** ### **14. Which heavy metal in water can cause colicky abdominal pain?** A) Iron B) Lead C) Zinc D) All of the above **Answer: D) All of the above** ### **15. What is another name for ‘water-washed diseases’?** A) Vector-borne diseases B) Skin diseases C) Diseases caused by inadequate water use D) Foodborne diseases **Answer: C) Diseases caused by inadequate water use** ### **16. Which disease is an example of a water-washed disease?** A) Malaria B) Shigellosis C) Dengue D) Cholera **Answer: B) Shigellosis** ### **17. Conjunctivitis can be classified as a:** A) Water-borne disease B) Water-washed disease C) Vector-borne disease D) Airborne disease **Answer: B) Water-washed disease** ### **18. Which of the following is a mosquito-borne disease?** A) Typhoid B) Amoebiasis C) Dengue fever D) Poliomyelitis **Answer: C) Dengue fever** ### **19. Which insect breeds in stagnant water and spreads malaria?** A) Housefly B) Anopheles mosquito C) Cyclops D) Sandfly **Answer: B) Anopheles mosquito** ### **20. How can water-related mosquito-borne diseases be prevented?** A) Boiling water B) Proper drainage of stagnant water C) Adding fluoride to water D) Using sand filtration **Answer: B) Proper drainage of stagnant water** --- ### **21. What is the primary cause of dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease)?** A) Bacteria B) Contaminated drinking water C) Virus D) Airborne transmission **Answer: B) Contaminated drinking water** ### **22. Waterborne diseases are primarily spread through:** A) Direct contact B) Inhalation C) Ingestion of contaminated water D) Skin absorption **Answer: C) Ingestion of contaminated water** ### **23. What is the best method to remove bacterial contamination from drinking water?** A) Filtration B) Boiling C) Sedimentation D) Aeration **Answer: B) Boiling** ### **24. Which method is commonly used to disinfect drinking water?** A) Sedimentation B) Chlorination C) Fluoridation D) Iodization **Answer: B) Chlorination** ### **25. What is the best way to prevent waterborne diseases?** A) Boiling water before drinking B) Using chlorine tablets C) Proper sanitation and hygiene D) All of the above **Answer: D) All of the above** ### **26. What is the major health hazard of lead-contaminated water?** A) Malaria B) Skeletal fluorosis C) Brain and nervous system damage D) Typhoid **Answer: C) Brain and nervous system damage** 27. Which disease is transmitted by consuming water contaminated with human feces?** A) Dengue fever B) Poliomyelitis C) Schistosomiasis D) Malaria **Answer: B) Poliomyelitis** ### **28. What is the most effective way to remove heavy metals from water?** A) Filtration B) Reverse osmosis C) Chlorination D) Boiling **Answer: B) Reverse osmosis** ### **29. Which group of people is most vulnerable to water contamination hazards?** A) Adults B) Infants and elderly C) Teenagers D) Athletes **Answer: B) Infants and elderly** ### **30. How does high fluoride affect adults?** A) Increases immunity B) Causes skeletal fluorosis C) Prevents diarrhea D) Reduces goiter risk **Answer: B) Causes skeletal fluorosis** --- 1. What are the two main types of water contamination hazards?** A) Physical and chemical B) Biological and chemical C) Viral and bacterial D) Organic and inorganic **Answer: B) Biological and chemical** ### **2. Which of the following is a viral disease caused by water contamination?** A) Typhoid B) Cholera C) Poliomyelitis D) Giardiasis **Answer: C) Poliomyelitis** ### **3. Which bacterial disease is commonly spread through contaminated water?** A) Malaria B) Cholera C) Amoebiasis D) Dengue **Answer: B) Cholera** ### **4. What is the main cause of amoebiasis?** A) Bacteria B) Virus C) Protozoa D) Helminths **Answer: C) Protozoa** ### **5. Which disease is caused by the parasite Schistosoma found in contaminated water?** A) Schistosomiasis B) Poliomyelitis C) Giardiasis D) Bacillary dysentery **Answer: A) Schistosomiasis** ### **6. What is the main host for Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease)?** A) Mosquito B) Cyclops C) Snail D) Rat **Answer: B) Cyclops** ### **7. Which of the following is NOT a biological water hazard?** A) Hepatitis A B) Lead poisoning C) Typhoid D) Giardiasis **Answer: B) Lead poisoning** ### **8. Which chemical is responsible for dental caries when present in low amounts?** A) Lead B) Fluoride C) Nitrate D) Sulfate **Answer: B) Fluoride** ### **9. Excess fluoride in drinking water causes:** A) Goiter B) Skeletal fluorosis C) Lead poisoning D) Blue baby syndrome **Answer: B) Skeletal fluorosis** ### **10. High levels of nitrates in drinking water can cause:** A) Dental fluorosis B) Cyanosis in infants C) Goiter D) Typhoid **Answer: B) Cyanosis in infants** ### **11. Deficiency of iodine in drinking water can lead to:** A) Poliomyelitis B) Goiter C) Cholera D) Schistosomiasis **Answer: B) Goiter** ### **12. What can dissolved organic impurities in water cause?** A) Dental caries B) Diarrhea and dyspepsia C) Poliomyelitis D) Skeletal fluorosis **Answer: B) Diarrhea and dyspepsia** ### **13. Which chemical in contaminated water can cause lead poisoning?** A) Zinc B) Fluoride C) Lead D) Sulfate **Answer: C) Lead** ### **14. Which heavy metal in water can cause colicky abdominal pain?** A) Iron B) Lead C) Zinc D) All of the above **Answer: D) All of the above** ### **15. What is another name for ‘water-washed diseases’?** A) Vector-borne diseases B) Skin diseases C) Diseases caused by inadequate water use D) Foodborne diseases **Answer: C) Diseases caused by inadequate water use** ### **16. Which disease is an example of a water-washed disease?** A) Malaria B) Shigellosis C) Dengue D) Cholera **Answer: B) Shigellosis** ### **17. Conjunctivitis can be classified as a:** A) Water-borne disease B) Water-washed disease C) Vector-borne disease D) Airborne disease **Answer: B) Water-washed disease** ### **18. Which of the following is a mosquito-borne disease?** A) Typhoid B) Amoebiasis C) Dengue fever D) Poliomyelitis **Answer: C) Dengue fever** ### **19. Which insect breeds in stagnant water and spreads malaria?** A) Housefly B) Anopheles mosquito C) Cyclops D) Sandfly **Answer: B) Anopheles mosquito** ### **20. How can water-related mosquito-borne diseases be prevented?** A) Boiling water B) Proper drainage of stagnant water C) Adding fluoride to water D) Using sand filtration **Answer: B) Proper drainage of stagnant water** --- ### **21. What is the primary cause of dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease)?** A) Bacteria B) Contaminated drinking water C) Virus D) Airborne transmission **Answer: B) Contaminated drinking water** ### **22. Waterborne diseases are primarily spread through:** A) Direct contact B) Inhalation C) Ingestion of contaminated water D) Skin absorption **Answer: C) Ingestion of contaminated water** ### **23. What is the best method to remove bacterial contamination from drinking water?** A) Filtration B) Boiling C) Sedimentation D) Aeration **Answer: B) Boiling** ### **24. Which method is commonly used to disinfect drinking water?** A) Sedimentation B) Chlorination C) Fluoridation D) Iodization **Answer: B) Chlorination** ### **25. What is the best way to prevent waterborne diseases?** A) Boiling water before drinking B) Using chlorine tablets C) Proper sanitation and hygiene D) All of the above **Answer: D) All of the above** 26. What is the main purpose of sedimentation in water treatment?** A) Remove bacteria B) Reduce turbidity C) Kill viruses D) Improve taste **Answer: B) Reduce turbidity** ### **27. Which method can remove dissolved salts from water?** A) Filtration B) Boiling C) Desalination D) Chlorination **Answer: C) Desalination** ### **28. Which of the following is a physical pollutant in water?** A) Pesticides B) Heavy metals C) Heat D) Bacteria **Answer: C) Heat** ### **29. What does a biological filter remove?** A) Bacteria B) Viruses C) Suspended solids D) All of the above **Answer: D) All of the above** ### **30. What is the most effective way to remove heavy metals from water?** A) Boiling B) Reverse osmosis C) Filtration D) Chlorination **Answer: B) Reverse osmosis** --- ### **31. What is a major cause of water pollution?** A) Industrial waste B) Agricultural runoff C) Sewage disposal D) All of the above **Answer: D) All of the above** ### **32. What does excessive nitrate in water cause?** A) Blue baby syndrome B) Diarrhea C) Liver disease D) Cancer **Answer: A) Blue baby syndrome** ### **33. What is the main advantage of deep wells?** A) Free from contamination B) Less expensive C) Easy to construct D) Requires no pumping **Answer: A) Free from contamination** ### **34. What is the primary function of zoogleal layer in slow sand filters?** A) Chemical purification B) Removal of organic matter C) Biological purification D) Sedimentation **Answer: C) Biological purification** ---  ?What is the definition of environment a) Only air around human beings b) External factors influencing human health c) Only biological factors affecting humans d) Only social interactions **Answer: b** ?Which of the following is NOT a component of the environment.2 a) Physical environment b) Psychological environment c) Social environment d) Cultural environment **Answer: b** :The physical environment consists of.3 a) Water, air, soil, radiation b) Occupation, literacy, income c) Plants, animals, bacteria d) Cultural beliefs, traditions, customs **Answer: a** ?Which component of the environment includes insects, bacteria, and viruses.4 a) Physical environment b) Biological environment c) Social environment d) Cultural environment **Answer: b** :Social environment includes all the following EXCEPT.5 a) Income b) Literacy c) Noise pollution d) Occupation **Answer: c** ?Which environmental component includes traditions and customs.6 a) Physical b) Biological c) Social d) Cultural **Answer: d** **Section 2: Pollution** #### ?What is a major cause of environmental pollution.7 a) Industrialization b) Religious beliefs c) Low literacy rate d) Cultural traditions **Answer: a** ?Who is responsible for environmental pollution.8 a) Animals b) Plants c) Humans d) Microbes **Answer: c** :Environmental sanitation is defined by WHO as.9 a) The management of household waste b) The control of factors in man’s physical environment affecting health c) The study of environmental pollution d) The process of deforestation control **Answer: b** :The most common cause of communicable diseases in Sudan is.10 a) Air pollution b) Poor environmental sanitation c) Noise pollution d) Industrial waste **Answer: b** **Section 3: Environmental Sanitation Measures** #### ?Which of the following is NOT a measure to improve environmental sanitation.11 a) Control of insects b) Open-air defecation c) Provision of protected water supply d) Sanitary disposal of sewage **Answer: b** :Sanitary latrines help in.12 a) Spreading diseases b) Reducing water pollution c) Increasing soil pollution d) Promoting open defecation **Answer: b** :Bleaching powder is used in water disinfection to.13 a) Make water taste better b) Remove dirt from water c) Kill harmful microbes d) Improve water color **Answer: c** ?What should be done during an outbreak to ensure water safety.14 a) Stop using water b) Store water in open containers c) Disinfect wells daily with bleaching powder d) Use only bottled water **Answer: c** ?Which of the following contributes to poor environmental sanitation.15 a) Proper sewage disposal b) Illiteracy and poverty c) Improved lifestyle d) Clean drinking water **Answer: b** **Section 4: Hospital Waste Disposal** #### ?What is the first step in hospital waste disposal.16 a) Treatment b) Transportation c) Collection of waste d) Recycling **Answer: c** :Hospital waste should be stored in.17 a) Open plastic bags b) Hard plastic containers with a lid c) Metal buckets d) Any available container **Answer: b** :Segregation of hospital waste means.18 a) Throwing all waste in one place b) Separating different types of waste c) Burning all waste together d) Disposing of waste in open areas **Answer: b** :Internal transportation of hospital waste is done using.19 a) Hands b) Handcarts c) Plastic bags d) Ambulances **Answer: b** ?Where should hospital waste be stored before final disposal.20 a) Patient rooms b) Service areas c) Secure storerooms away from service areas d) Hospital entrance **Answer: c** ?What is the purpose of treating hospital waste before disposal.21 a) To make it reusable b) To reduce infection risk and volume c) To increase waste storage time d) To save hospital money **Answer: b** **Section 5: Waste Treatment and Disposal Technologies** #### ?Which of the following is NOT a hospital waste treatment method.22 a) Incineration b) Chemical disinfection c) Deep burial d) Air filtration **Answer: d** :Autoclaving hospital waste helps in.23 a) Increasing waste volume b) Making waste biodegradable c) Decontaminating infectious waste d) Mixing waste types **Answer: c** :The purpose of incineration is to.24 a) Disinfect and reduce waste volume b) Increase waste decomposition c) Store waste safely d) Improve hospital aesthetics **Answer: a** ?Which disposal method is best for destroying needles and blades.25 a) Deep burial  :Deep burial or landfilling is used for.26 a) General hospital waste b) Radioactive waste c) Infectious materials d) Medical instruments **Answer: a** ?Which of the following is a newer hospital waste disposal technology.27 a) Landfilling b) Incineration c) Microwave irradiation d) Open dumping **Answer: c** :Plasma torch technology is used for.28 a) Water purification b) High-temperature waste destruction c) Reducing air pollution d) Treating food waste **Answer: b** :Hydroclave technology works by using.29 a) Chemicals b) High-pressure steam c) Radiation d) Plasma energy **Answer: b** ?Which method uses bacterial cultures to break down waste.30 a) Incineration b) Chemical disinfection c) Biological treatment d) Deep burial **Answer: c**  **?What is refuse disposal.1** a) The process of burning unwanted materials b) The process of safely removing unwanted materials c) The process of collecting waste from homes d) The process of selling waste to recycling companies Answer:** b) The process of safely removing unwanted materials** --- **?What does refuse disposal primarily aim to reduce.2** a) Environmental impact b) Public awareness c) Waste collection costs d) Government taxes Answer:** a) Environmental impact** --- **?Which of the following is NOT considered solid waste.3** a) Food scraps b) Packaging c) Sewage treatment residue d) Water Answer:** d) Water** --- **?What factors influence the daily output of solid waste.4** a) Climate conditions b) Dietary habits and lifestyle c) Population density d) Availability of recycling centers Answer:** b) Dietary habits and lifestyle** --- **?What is a health hazard associated with accumulated solid waste.5** a) Reduced oxygen levels b) Fly breeding and rodent attraction c) Improved air quality d) Increased food production Answer:** b) Fly breeding and rodent attraction** --- **?Improper disposal of solid waste is correlated with which type of diseases.6** a) Waterborne diseases b) Vector-borne diseases c) Chronic diseases d) Respiratory diseases Answer:** b) Vector-borne diseases** --- **?What is the primary consequence of improper storage of refuse.7** a) Decreased waste volume b) Environmental pollution and health hazards c) Increased food security d) Decreased public health awareness Answer:** b) Environmental pollution and health hazards** --- **?Which of the following is a result of improper refuse storage.8** a) Better sanitation b) Contamination of water supplies c) Increased recycling rates d) Lower waste collection costs Answer:** b) Contamination of water supplies** --- **?Which of the following pollutants can be emitted from improperly stored refuse.9** a) Nitrogen b) Methane c) Oxygen d) Hydrogen Answer:** b) Methane** --- **?What is a common environmental consequence of improperly disposed plastics.10** a) Ocean and river pollution b) Improved soil quality c) Reduced waste generation d) Increased energy production Answer:** a) Ocean and river pollution** --- **?What is the significance of refuse disposal for public health.11** a) It reduces food prices b) It improves air quality c) It prevents health risks from hazardous waste d) It increases recycling rates Answer:** c) It prevents health risks from hazardous waste** --- **?What type of waste does door-to-door collection usually target.12** a) Household waste b) Industrial waste c) Hazardous waste d) Recyclables Answer:** a) Household waste** --- **?What is a common equipment used in refuse collection.13** a) Garbage trucks b) Excavators c) Bulldozers d) Forklifts Answer:** a) Garbage trucks** --- **?What is the primary role of transportation in waste management.14** a) To segregate waste b) To move waste from collection points to disposal sites c) To store waste in open spaces d) To recycle waste materials Answer:** b) To move waste from collection points to disposal sites** --- **?What is one key aspect of waste transportation.15** a) Random routing b) Efficient scheduling and routing to minimize fuel consumption c) Reducing the number of collection points d) Avoiding the use of specialized vehicles Answer:** b) Efficient scheduling and routing to minimize fuel consumption** --- **?Which of the following is a method of waste disposal.16** a) Planting trees b) Incineration c) Recycling d) All of the above  **?What type of waste is typically managed through landfills a) Household waste b) Hazardous waste c) Industrial byproducts d) All types of waste Answer:** d) All types of waste** --- **?What is the primary purpose of sanitary landfills.18** a) To recycle waste materials b) To safely bury waste and prevent pollution c) To burn waste at high temperatures d) To store waste indefinitely Answer:** b) To safely bury waste and prevent pollution** --- **?Which of the following is a health hazard associated with landfills.19** a) Groundwater contamination b) Freshwater preservation c) Soil enrichment d) Oxygen production Answer:** a) Groundwater contamination** --- **?What is a major environmental concern related to landfill operations.20** a) Increased food security b) Air pollution from methane emissions c) Increased biodiversity d) Decreased public health risks Answer:** b) Air pollution from methane emissions** --- **?What is the purpose of recycling in waste management.21** a) To convert waste into new materials b) To reduce the volume of waste sent to landfills c) To conserve natural resources d) All of the above Answer:** d) All of the above** --- **?What does the recycling process typically involve.22** a) Burning waste at high temperatures b) Converting waste into reusable materials c) Dumping waste in open pits d) Storing waste indefinitely Answer:** b) Converting waste into reusable materials** --- **?Which of the following is an advantage of recycling.23** a) Reduces waste and pollution b) Increases land use c) Destroys natural resources d) Increases global warming Answer:** a) Reduces waste and pollution** --- **?What is incineration in waste disposal.24** a) Recycling waste into new products b) Burning waste at high temperatures to reduce volume c) Storing waste in landfills d) Converting waste into compost Answer:** b) Burning waste at high temperatures to reduce volume** --- **?What is the primary benefit of incineration.25** a) Reduction of waste volume by up to 90% b) Creation of new raw materials c) Preservation of natural resources d) Increased food production Answer:** a) Reduction of waste volume by up to 90%** --- **?What is the major environmental risk of incineration.26** a) Groundwater contamination b) Air pollution from toxic gases c) Soil erosion d) Waterborne diseases Answer:** b) Air pollution from toxic gases** --- **?What is composting in waste management.27** a) A method of burning waste b) A process of converting organic material into nutrient-rich soil c) A process of storing waste in landfills d) A method of recycling plastics Answer:** b) A process of converting organic material into nutrient-rich soil** --- **?Which type of composting method involves hot fermentation in pits.28** a) Aerobic composting b) Mechanical composting c) Bangalore method (Anaerobic) d) Incineration Answer:** c) Bangalore method (Anaerobic)** --- **?What is the key difference between aerobic and anaerobic composting.29** a) Aerobic composting uses machines; anaerobic composting uses pits b) Anaerobic composting is faster than aerobic composting c) Aerobic composting involves lower temperatures d) There is no difference between the two methods Answer:** a) Aerobic composting uses machines; anaerobic composting uses pits** --- **?What is one benefit of composting.30** a) Reduction of waste volume b) Pollution of local ecosystems c) Increased greenhouse gas emissions d) Contamination of soil Answer:** a) Reduction of waste volume** --- **?What is the impact of improperly burning waste, like plastics.31** a) Decreased air pollution b) Release of toxic gases c) Improved soil quality d) Reduction of waste volume Answer:** b) Release of toxic gases** --- **?What type of waste can be effectively managed through incineration.32** a) Household waste only b) Medical and hazardous waste c) Organic waste d) Recyclable materials Answer:** b) Medical and hazardous waste** --- **?What is the main advantage of using landfills over other disposal methods.33**