Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of Vitamin B1 in the body?
What are the two biologically active forms of Vitamin B2?
Which of the following is NOT a function of Vitamin B2?
What is the common deficiency disease caused by a lack of Vitamin B1?
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Which of the following is NOT a water-soluble vitamin?
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What is the role of Vitamin B1 in the nervous system?
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What is the function of Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) in the body?
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Which of the following vitamins is necessary for the absorption of iron?
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What is the term used for riboflavin deficiency?
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Which of the following is a symptom of vitamin B2 deficiency?
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Which vitamin is a precursor for the coenzymes NAD and NADP?
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What condition is caused by a deficiency of niacin?
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Which vitamin is involved in the formation of Coenzyme A?
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What is a common sign of riboflavin deficiency?
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Which vitamin helps to convert nutrients into energy?
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What type of deficiency is very rare among the B vitamins?
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom of severe vitamin B6 deficiency?
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What role does folic acid play during pregnancy?
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What is one of the primary functions of vitamin B12?
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Which condition is associated with folic acid deficiency?
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What is one of the major consequences of vitamin C deficiency?
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Which vitamin serves as a precursor for the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate?
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Which vitamin is known for its antioxidant properties?
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Which vitamin deficiency can cause neurological problems?
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Study Notes
Water Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin B Complex
- Composed of: Thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B2), Niacin (B3), Pantothenic acid (B5), Pyridoxine (B6), Biotin (B7), Folic acid (B9), and Cobalamine (B12)
- All Vitamin B complexes are coenzymes
Energy Releasing Vitamins
- Thiamine (B1)
- Riboflavin (B2)
- Niacin (B3)
- Biotin (B7)
- Pantothenic acid (B5)
Hematobiotic Vitamins
- Folic acid (B9)
- Cobalamine (B12)
Others
- Pyridoxine (B6)
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
- Key role in carbohydrate metabolism
- Acts as a coenzyme
- Helps convert carbohydrates, fats, and protein into energy
- Plays a role in the nervous system and good brain function
- Deficiency leads to Beriberi, which can affect the cardiovascular system or central nervous system
- Deficiency symptoms: mental problems, weak muscles, and cardiovascular symptoms
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
- Plays a vital role in maintaining the body's energy supply
- Helps break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
- Contributes to the production of ATP
- Biologically active forms: Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
- Functions:
- Converting tryptophan into niacin
- Keeping eyes, nerves, muscles, skin, and liver healthy
- Absorbing and activating iron, folic acid, and vitamins B1, B3, and B6
- Hormone production by the adrenal glands
- Deficiency: Ariboflavinosis, characterized by:
- Angular cheilitis
- Inflammation of the lining of the mouth and tongue
- Mouth ulcers
- Sore throat
- Iron-deficiency anemia
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
- Forms: Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide
- Can be synthesized in the body from tryptophan
- Functions:
- Precursor for coenzymes NAD and NADP in oxidation-reduction reactions
- Converts nutrients into energy, creates cholesterol and fats, and exerts antioxidant effects
- Deficiency: Pellagra, characterized by:
- Dark, scaly rash on skin exposed to sunlight
- Bright redness of the tongue
- Constipation/diarrhea
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid)
- Part of Coenzyme A, essential for energy metabolism
- Helps produce ATP from carbohydrate, protein, and fat breakdown
- Functions:
- Helps produce antibody
- Helps in the production of cortisol
- Formation of Acetylcholine and epinephrine
- Deficiency: Rare, but can cause numbness and burning of hands and feet, headache, extreme tiredness, and gastrointestinal symptoms
Vitamin B6
- Acts as a precursor for coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)
- Important in amino acid and glycogen metabolism
- Supports immune function and brain health
- Used as an anti-emetic drug
- Deficiency: Impaired immune function and neurological symptoms
Vitamin B9 (Folic acid)
- Essential for one-carbon metabolism and biosynthesis of several compounds
- Need increases during pregnancy and cell multiplication
- Function: Essential for the production of DNA and RNA
- Deficiency: Megaloblastic anemia and neural tube defects
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
- Important for maintaining healthy nerve cells
- Helps in the production of DNA and RNA
- Works closely with vitamin B9 to help make red blood cells and iron function
- Deficiency: Pernicious anemia and neurological problems
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
- Active form: Ascorbic acid
- Humans cannot synthesize vitamin C and must obtain it from an external supply
- Function:
- Synthesis of collagen, the principal tissue protein
- Acts as an antioxidant
- Deficiency: Scurvy, characterized by skin changes, bleeding gums, tooth loss, fragile blood capillaries, and bone fracture
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Description
This quiz covers the classification and functions of water soluble vitamins, including Vitamin B complex and Vitamin C. It's a part of clinical chemistry lectures by Dr. Wael Sobhy Darwish.
