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Questions and Answers
What type of pump utilizes the energy of falling water to raise a smaller quantity of water to greater heights?
What type of pump utilizes the energy of falling water to raise a smaller quantity of water to greater heights?
What is often referred to as an impulse pump?
What is often referred to as an impulse pump?
Which type of valve is usually installed at major summits of transmission mains?
Which type of valve is usually installed at major summits of transmission mains?
What term describes the minimum pressure at which the water system will operate?
What term describes the minimum pressure at which the water system will operate?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of pump mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a type of pump mentioned?
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Which valve is known for its role in preventing backflow in a pipeline?
Which valve is known for its role in preventing backflow in a pipeline?
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What type of staining method uses Lofter’s Methylene Blue stain?
What type of staining method uses Lofter’s Methylene Blue stain?
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Which pump type is generally used for raising water under pressure without the use of electric power?
Which pump type is generally used for raising water under pressure without the use of electric power?
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What term is used to describe the pressure obtained when a working pressure is multiplied by a factor of safety?
What term is used to describe the pressure obtained when a working pressure is multiplied by a factor of safety?
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What is the chemical formula of calcium hypochlorite?
What is the chemical formula of calcium hypochlorite?
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Which type of stain is used to enhance visibility of microorganisms under a microscope?
Which type of stain is used to enhance visibility of microorganisms under a microscope?
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What does it mean for bacteria to lose the initial stain of violet during staining?
What does it mean for bacteria to lose the initial stain of violet during staining?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a type of stain in microbiology?
Which of the following is NOT considered a type of stain in microbiology?
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Which of the following stains is an example of a negative stain?
Which of the following stains is an example of a negative stain?
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What is the staining technique that uses dyes to make the background visible while leaving the microorganism itself colorless?
What is the staining technique that uses dyes to make the background visible while leaving the microorganism itself colorless?
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Which of the following best describes a factor that is NOT typically associated with gauge pressure?
Which of the following best describes a factor that is NOT typically associated with gauge pressure?
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Which term refers to the water level in wells when no water is being pumped?
Which term refers to the water level in wells when no water is being pumped?
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What process involves the precipitation caught by leaves or falling rain that evaporates without reaching the ground?
What process involves the precipitation caught by leaves or falling rain that evaporates without reaching the ground?
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What is the term for the movement of water through soil and rock, influenced by gravity?
What is the term for the movement of water through soil and rock, influenced by gravity?
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Which of the following represents a ratio of inertia force to viscous force?
Which of the following represents a ratio of inertia force to viscous force?
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Which of these processes may include lime or ion-exchange methods for water treatment?
Which of these processes may include lime or ion-exchange methods for water treatment?
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What is a horizontal well sometimes referred to as?
What is a horizontal well sometimes referred to as?
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What does the capillary fringe refer to in groundwater terminology?
What does the capillary fringe refer to in groundwater terminology?
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Which option is typically placed at low points to drain sediment from a line?
Which option is typically placed at low points to drain sediment from a line?
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Which statement about Staphylococcus aureus is true?
Which statement about Staphylococcus aureus is true?
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What is another term for Total head in water supply engineering?
What is another term for Total head in water supply engineering?
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What is the primary purpose of the test that uses a stirring device to evaluate chemical coagulation?
What is the primary purpose of the test that uses a stirring device to evaluate chemical coagulation?
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Which of the following springs is defined as having porous strata underlain by impervious ones?
Which of the following springs is defined as having porous strata underlain by impervious ones?
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What characterizes a second class spring in water supply engineering?
What characterizes a second class spring in water supply engineering?
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Which type of precipitation consists of transparent, globular, solid grains of ice formed by the freezing of raindrops?
Which type of precipitation consists of transparent, globular, solid grains of ice formed by the freezing of raindrops?
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In a chemical coagulation experiment, what is the speed range of the stirrer's operation?
In a chemical coagulation experiment, what is the speed range of the stirrer's operation?
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What is the outcome of high groundwater interception in artesian systems?
What is the outcome of high groundwater interception in artesian systems?
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What type of precipitation results from the rising of warmer air in colder surroundings?
What type of precipitation results from the rising of warmer air in colder surroundings?
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What aspect does the term 'dynamic suction head' relate to in total head calculations?
What aspect does the term 'dynamic suction head' relate to in total head calculations?
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Which term refers to ice coating formed by the freezing of supercooled water on exposed surfaces?
Which term refers to ice coating formed by the freezing of supercooled water on exposed surfaces?
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Which type of precipitation is caused by the lifting of air converging into a low pressure area?
Which type of precipitation is caused by the lifting of air converging into a low pressure area?
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Hydrologists have noted that only a fraction of precipitation returns to the seas by direct run-off and underground flow. Which word best fills in the blank?
Hydrologists have noted that only a fraction of precipitation returns to the seas by direct run-off and underground flow. Which word best fills in the blank?
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What type of precipitation is primarily associated with weather fronts?
What type of precipitation is primarily associated with weather fronts?
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Which term describes precipitation that occurs in small, light drops?
Which term describes precipitation that occurs in small, light drops?
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Rime is a type of precipitation associated with which weather process?
Rime is a type of precipitation associated with which weather process?
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What causes water hammer in a pipeline?
What causes water hammer in a pipeline?
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Which type of fluid experiences shear stress proportional to the velocity gradient?
Which type of fluid experiences shear stress proportional to the velocity gradient?
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What defines the hydraulic roughness of two pipes with equal absolute roughness?
What defines the hydraulic roughness of two pipes with equal absolute roughness?
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What effect does compressibility have in fluid flow?
What effect does compressibility have in fluid flow?
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Which type of pump is commonly used for transporting molten soap?
Which type of pump is commonly used for transporting molten soap?
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What is a consequence of cavitation in fluid flow?
What is a consequence of cavitation in fluid flow?
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What is the maximum delivery pressure of compressors typically measured in?
What is the maximum delivery pressure of compressors typically measured in?
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What does the term 'relative roughness' refer to in hydraulics?
What does the term 'relative roughness' refer to in hydraulics?
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Study Notes
Water Supply Engineering - Section 1
- Staphylococcus aureus: Not true: causes pneumonia. Is related to inflammation and creates coagulase.
- Total head (another term): Total dynamic head.
- Chemical coagulation test: Called a jar test. Uses a stirrer with variable speed to evaluate effectiveness. Uses 1 liter+ of water and various coagulant amounts.
- Self-priming: Pump's ability to purge air from casing and suction hose, creating vacuum for water flow.
- Spring types (1st class): Occurs when porous strata isn't covered by impervious layers. Groundwater overflows. Flow fluctuates greatly.
- Spring types (2nd class): When porous strata is mostly or completely covered by an impervious layer. Yield is influenced by groundwater level. Yield might equal total percolation.
- Population Forecasting (method): Logistic method. Assumes population growth is limited and rate depends on the population deficit.
- Hardness Constituents: Magnesium, Calcium, and Iron.
- Hydraulic Conduits: Aquifer. Conduit structure built at the hydraulic gradient made of masonry.
Water Supply Engineering - Section 2
- Aquiclude: Geologic formation that is porous but doesn't transmit water quickly enough for an appreciable well or spring supply.
- Shallow well: Constructed by rivers, ponds, or lakes.
- Infiltration gallery (description): Tunnel or ditch used for water-bearing materials to channel water flow.
- Capillary fringe: Water in soil pore spaces above the water table.
- Horizontal well: Also called a horizontal well. Used for water collection in aquifers.
- Precipitation types (mechanical): Convective, Cyclonic, Frontal, Orographic.
- Precipitation causes: Lifting warmer air or converging air.
- Precipitation (type): Cold-front
- Water resource return: Only total continental precipitation runs off to seas via direct runoff and groundwater flow.
Water Supply Engineering - Section 3
- Softening: Water treatment to remove hardness. Lime, soda ash or ion exchange are used.
- Blow-off valves: Drain lines to remove sediment and water.
- Aluminum sulfate (alum): Often used in water treatment. Chemical formula: Al2(SO4)3.
- Ferrous sulfate: Chemical. Iron compound. Ferrous sulfate formula is FeSO4.
- Algae control (chemical): Common chemical for algae control is copper sulfate.
- Rural Water systems components:. Air valves, globe valves, check valves, blow-off valves are cheaper and more widely used in rural systems than gate valves.
- Air Valves Role: Installed at major summits in transmission mains, allowing air escape during pipeline filling.
- Chlorine dosages (secondary): Typical usage for secondary effluents ranges from 0.1 to 1 mg/L.
- Chlorine and solids: Solids in tanks can increase chlorine demand and reduce efficiency. Also, cause short-circuiting.
- Sodium hypochlorite (bleach): A form of liquid chlorine.
- Dechlorination chemicals: Includes sulfur dioxide, Sodium metabisulfite, or Sodium bisulfite.
- Sulfur Dioxide properties: Denser than air, pungent odor and color ranges from smokey white to dark gray. Used in dechlorination as an alternative to chlorination.
Water Supply Engineering - Section 4
- UV disinfection disadvantages: No direct measure for UV disinfection effectiveness, potential harm to aquatic life, and solids can accumulate in the pipe.
- UV disinfection performance factors: Intensity of UV lamps, wastewater quality, and disinfection exposure time.
- Chlorine leak detection: Use industrial-strength ammonia solution to identify leaks as white smoke.
- High boiling point chemical: NaF is highest among the list presented.
- Potamology synonym: River science.
- Chitin: Exoskeletons of insects, fungal cell walls, and exoskeletons of several arthropods.
- Vaginosis cause: Mycoplasma hominis or Mycoplasma pneumonia.
- Fungal disease agents: Malassezia furfur, Candida albicans, and Histoplasma capsulatum.
- DNA viruses: Papillomavirus, Influenza virus, and enterovirus.
- Water system (minimum pressure): Static pressure in the water system.
- Fluid property: Cohesion is the property causing mercury to not wet glass.
Water Supply Engineering - Section 5
- Rough pipes (flow resistance): Relative roughness governs flow resistance when compared to smooth pipes where the Reynolds number governs flow resistance.
- Hydraulic roughness: Two pipes have equal roughness values when having equal absolute roughness values.
- Water hammer: Pressure increase in pipes due to sudden valve closure. Caused by rapid change in flow.
- Molten soap transport: Done by a gear pump or diaphragm pump.
- Compressibility effect in fluid flow: The Reynolds number parameter expresses the effect of compressibility in flowing liquids.
- Venturimeter cone angle: 7-15 degrees.
- Newtonian fluid: Shearing stress is proportional to velocity gradient across sheared section.
- Cavitation in fluid flow: Occurs when flow pressure approaches fluid vapor pressure at prevailing temperature due to the fluid velocity.
- Compressor delivery pressure: Maximum delivery pressure possible for compressors ranges 10 to 1000 atmospheres.
- Pipe discharge: (Thick slurry): Reciprocating, Gear, or Diaphragm pumps are used for transferring thick slurries.
- Terminal velocity: Small spheres settling in viscous fluids depend on inverse fluid viscosity.
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Description
Test your knowledge on various types of water pumps and staining methods used in microbiology. This quiz covers topics ranging from impulse pumps to specific staining techniques such as Lofter's Methylene Blue. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand these important concepts!
