Water Absorption in Distal Tubule
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of aldosterone in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway?

  • Stimulating vasodilation
  • Inhibiting renin release
  • Promoting sodium and water reabsorption (correct)
  • Decrease blood pressure
  • What is the effect of caffeine on sodium reabsorption in the nephron?

  • Increases sodium reabsorption
  • Regulates potassium secretion
  • Decreases sodium reabsorption (correct)
  • Has no effect on sodium reabsorption
  • What is the primary mechanism of water reabsorption in the collecting duct?

  • simple diffusion
  • active transport
  • osmotic gradient (correct)
  • facilitated diffusion
  • What is the role of aquaporin 2 in the collecting duct?

    <p>Facilitates water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ADH on water reabsorption in the collecting duct?

    <p>Increases water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary stimulus for ADH release?

    <p>Increased blood osmolarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of aldosterone on the apical membrane of the collecting duct?

    <p>Increases the number of open Na+ and K+ channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway in regulating blood pressure?

    <p>Increases blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sodium reabsorption on water reabsorption in the nephron?

    <p>Sodium reabsorption increases water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of renal water conservation?

    <p>Increased sodium reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of aquaporin 2 in the apical membrane of the collecting duct?

    <p>To allow for water reabsorption dependent on ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the epithelium in the distal tubule and collecting duct?

    <p>Permeable to water and does not contain Na+/K+/Cl- contransporters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of ADH on the kidneys?

    <p>To increase the amount of water reabsorbed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum osmolarity of urine that can be achieved in the kidney?

    <p>1400 mOsm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary stimulus for the release of ADH?

    <p>An increase in osmolarity of the extracellular fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ADH on the epithelium of the collecting duct?

    <p>It increases the permeability of the epithelium to water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the countercurrent multiplier in the kidney?

    <p>To establish the osmotic gradient that allows for water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a decrease in mean arterial pressure on ADH secretion?

    <p>It increases ADH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of water is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of aquaporin 3 in the basolateral membrane?

    <p>To facilitate the transport of water back into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of aquaporins in the descending loop of Henle?

    <p>To make the epithelium permeable to water in response to the osmotic gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the osmotic gradient in the descending loop of Henle?

    <p>Water moves out of the lumen, decreasing the osmolarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of urea in the nephron?

    <p>To support the necessary osmotic gradient that allows for water movement to occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the capillaries surrounding the loop of Henle and nephrons?

    <p>Vasa recta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of water movement in the ascending limb of the vasa recta?

    <p>Water moves into the capillaries from the interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the lack of urea transporters in the ascending limb of the vasa recta?

    <p>The osmolarity of the ascending limb increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the loop of Henle?

    <p>To maintain the osmotic gradient necessary for water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ADH in the kidney?

    <p>To increase the permeability of the epithelium to water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the osmotic gradient in the ascending loop of Henle?

    <p>Sodium ions move out of the lumen, decreasing the osmolarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the vasa recta in the kidney?

    <p>To allow for the exchange of solutes and water between the loop of Henle and the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

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