24 Questions
What is the main function of the kidneys in the urinary system?
Removal of waste products from the blood
What is the collective term for the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra?
Urinary tract
What is the function of the renal fascia?
To maintain the shape of the kidney
Where are the adrenal glands located in relation to the kidneys?
Superior to the kidneys
What is the term for the region where the renal artery, vein, and pelvis, as well as lymphatic vessels and nerves, enter and exit the kidney?
Hilum
What is the primary function of the fibrous capsule in the kidney?
To maintain the shape of the kidney and protect it from injury
What are the three main components of a nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, and loop of Henle
What is the function of the collecting tubules?
To drain tubular fluid into the papillary duct
What is the lining of the ureter?
Transitional epithelium
What is the muscle layer in the urinary bladder wall?
Detrusor muscle
What is the function of the internal urethral sphincter?
To hold urine in involuntarily
What is the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
What is the location of the urinary bladder in men?
Anterior to the rectum and superior to the prostate
What is the outermost layer of the ureter wall?
Adventitia
What is the function of the renal papilla?
To project into the minor calyx
What is the main function of the nephron?
To form urine
What is the renal cortex surrounded by?
Renal medulla
Where do the renal arteries enter the kidney?
At the hilum
What is the purpose of the glomerulus?
To filter blood plasma
What is the result of the filtration process in the nephron?
Filtrate production
What is the renal sinus continuous with?
The renal pelvis
What is the function of the afferent arterioles?
To supply blood to the nephron
What is the final destination of the urine formed in the kidney?
The bladder
What is the renal lobe composed of?
Renal pyramid and renal cortex
Study Notes
Urinary System Components
- The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
- Collectively, the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra are referred to as the urinary tract.
Kidney Structure
- Each kidney has 3 main components: proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule.
- Renal pyramid makes up the renal medulla, with 8-15 pyramids per kidney.
- Renal column is an extension of the renal cortex that projects into the renal medulla.
- Renal papilla is the apex of the renal pyramid, projecting into the minor calyx.
- Renal lobe consists of a renal pyramid and its surrounding cortical tissue.
Blood Supply
- Each kidney is supplied by the renal arteries, which enter at the hilum and branch into afferent arterioles.
- Afferent arterioles supply blood to the nephron, where it is filtered.
- Remaining blood flows out via efferent arterioles, drains into capillary networks, and eventually into the renal veins.
Nephron Function
- The nephron forms urine through filtration, the process by which substances in the blood plasma are filtered out to produce filtrate.
Urinary Tract Structure
- Ureters have three layers: inner mucosa, middle muscularis, and outer serosa.
- Urinary bladder has a mucosa, muscularis, and adventitia.
- Urethra has internal and external urethral sphincters, made of detrusor muscle and skeletal muscle fibers, respectively.
Urinary System Functions
- The urinary system removes waste products from the blood, stores and expels urine, and regulates blood volume, erythrocyte production, ion levels, and acid-base balance.
This quiz covers the components of renal tubules, including proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule, as well as collecting tubules, ducts, and papillary ducts. Learn about the final stages of reabsorption and the structure of the nephron.
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