Renal Tubules and Collecting Ducts

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the kidneys in the urinary system?

Removal of waste products from the blood (correct)
Regulation of blood pressure
Storage and expulsion of urine
Production of erythrocytes

What is the collective term for the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra?

Renal system
Urinary tract (correct)
Excretory system
Kidney system

What is the function of the renal fascia?

To produce erythrocytes
To maintain the shape of the kidney (correct)
To filter waste products from the blood
To regulate blood pressure

Where are the adrenal glands located in relation to the kidneys?

Superior to the kidneys (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the region where the renal artery, vein, and pelvis, as well as lymphatic vessels and nerves, enter and exit the kidney?

Hilum (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the fibrous capsule in the kidney?

To maintain the shape of the kidney and protect it from injury (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main components of a nephron?

Proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, and loop of Henle (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the collecting tubules?

To drain tubular fluid into the papillary duct (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the lining of the ureter?

Transitional epithelium (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the muscle layer in the urinary bladder wall?

Detrusor muscle (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the internal urethral sphincter?

To hold urine in involuntarily (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule?

Simple cuboidal epithelium (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the urinary bladder in men?

Anterior to the rectum and superior to the prostate (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outermost layer of the ureter wall?

Adventitia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the renal papilla?

To project into the minor calyx (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the nephron?

To form urine (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the renal cortex surrounded by?

Renal medulla (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where do the renal arteries enter the kidney?

At the hilum (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the glomerulus?

To filter blood plasma (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the filtration process in the nephron?

Filtrate production (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the renal sinus continuous with?

The renal pelvis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the afferent arterioles?

To supply blood to the nephron (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the final destination of the urine formed in the kidney?

The bladder (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the renal lobe composed of?

Renal pyramid and renal cortex (C) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Urinary System Components

The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
Collectively, the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra are referred to as the urinary tract.

Kidney Structure

Each kidney has 3 main components: proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule.
Renal pyramid makes up the renal medulla, with 8-15 pyramids per kidney.
Renal column is an extension of the renal cortex that projects into the renal medulla.
Renal papilla is the apex of the renal pyramid, projecting into the minor calyx.
Renal lobe consists of a renal pyramid and its surrounding cortical tissue.

Blood Supply

Each kidney is supplied by the renal arteries, which enter at the hilum and branch into afferent arterioles.
Afferent arterioles supply blood to the nephron, where it is filtered.
Remaining blood flows out via efferent arterioles, drains into capillary networks, and eventually into the renal veins.

Nephron Function

The nephron forms urine through filtration, the process by which substances in the blood plasma are filtered out to produce filtrate.

Urinary Tract Structure

Ureters have three layers: inner mucosa, middle muscularis, and outer serosa.
Urinary bladder has a mucosa, muscularis, and adventitia.
Urethra has internal and external urethral sphincters, made of detrusor muscle and skeletal muscle fibers, respectively.

Urinary System Functions

The urinary system removes waste products from the blood, stores and expels urine, and regulates blood volume, erythrocyte production, ion levels, and acid-base balance.