Renal Physiology: Cells of DCT and Cortical Collecting Duct

What is the function of the one million nephrons in the renal cortex?

To filter urine and form urine (correct)
To form blood vessels and nerves
To provide structure to the renal pyramids
To produce hormones that regulate blood pressure

What is the main characteristic of cortical nephrons?

They are located in the renal medulla
They have long loops of Henle
They produce hormones that regulate blood pressure
They have short thin segments in their loops of Henle (correct)

What is the location of the glomeruli in juxtamedullary nephrons?

In the renal columns
Deep in the renal cortex near the medulla (correct)
In the renal pelvis
Near the surface of the kidney

What is the function of the renal columns?

To provide a route for the passage of blood vessels and nerves to and from the outer cortex (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that each renal pyramid drains into?

Minor calyx (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of the renal pyramids?

Striated because of parallel bundles of ducts (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate amount of filtrate produced per minute in normal kidneys?

125 milliliters (D) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the filtrate is reabsorbed as it passes through the tubules?

99% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the glomerular filtration rate and the net filtration pressure?

Directly proportional (B) Signup and view all the answers

What would be the result of prolonged changes in normal GFR?

Too much or too little water and solutes in the blood (A) Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism helps maintain normal GFR during daily changes?

Autoregulation mechanisms (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelial cells are found in the thin segment of the descending loop of Henle?

Simple squamous (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature of the cells in the thin segment of the descending loop of Henle?

High permeability to water (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the cells of the PCT and the cells of the thick ascending loop of Henle?

Permeability to water (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the glycoprotein layer on the luminal membrane of the cells in the thick ascending loop of Henle?

Restricts diffusion of water (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the mitochondria in the basolateral membrane of the cells in the thick ascending loop of Henle?

Generation of energy for active transport (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature of the cells in the thick ascending loop of Henle and early DCT?

High permeability to solutes, but not to water (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the microvilli in the proximal convoluted tubule cells?

To increase the surface area for reabsorption (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the tight junctions between adjacent proximal convoluted tubule cells?

To prevent the escape of large molecules from the tubular lumen (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the basement membrane in the filtration process?

To act as a barrier for substances being filtered (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mitochondria in the proximal convoluted tubule cells?

To provide energy for reabsorption processes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the filtration slits?

To allow the passage of substances being filtered (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule?

They are highly permeable to water and many solutes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of principal cells in the late DCT and cortical collecting duct?

To respond to hormones that regulate the cell's permeability to water and solutes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature of intercalated cells in the late DCT and cortical collecting duct?

To secrete hydrogen ions into the urine to restore the acid/base balance of the body (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the collecting ducts in the kidney?

To deliver urine through papillae into minor calyces (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the principal cells in the late DCT and cortical collecting duct?

They have few microvilli and basolateral folds (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the late distal convoluted tubule and the cortical collecting duct in the kidney?

In the cortical region of the kidney (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of the collecting ducts as they approach the renal pelvis?

They fuse together to form a single tube (C) Signup and view all the answers