29 Questions
What is the function of the one million nephrons in the renal cortex?
To filter urine and form urine
What is the main characteristic of cortical nephrons?
They have short thin segments in their loops of Henle
What is the location of the glomeruli in juxtamedullary nephrons?
Deep in the renal cortex near the medulla
What is the function of the renal columns?
To provide a route for the passage of blood vessels and nerves to and from the outer cortex
What is the structure that each renal pyramid drains into?
Minor calyx
What is the appearance of the renal pyramids?
Striated because of parallel bundles of ducts
What is the approximate amount of filtrate produced per minute in normal kidneys?
125 milliliters
What percentage of the filtrate is reabsorbed as it passes through the tubules?
99%
What is the relationship between the glomerular filtration rate and the net filtration pressure?
Directly proportional
What would be the result of prolonged changes in normal GFR?
Too much or too little water and solutes in the blood
What mechanism helps maintain normal GFR during daily changes?
Autoregulation mechanisms
What type of epithelial cells are found in the thin segment of the descending loop of Henle?
Simple squamous
What is the key feature of the cells in the thin segment of the descending loop of Henle?
High permeability to water
What is the main difference between the cells of the PCT and the cells of the thick ascending loop of Henle?
Permeability to water
What is the function of the glycoprotein layer on the luminal membrane of the cells in the thick ascending loop of Henle?
Restricts diffusion of water
What is the main function of the mitochondria in the basolateral membrane of the cells in the thick ascending loop of Henle?
Generation of energy for active transport
What is the key feature of the cells in the thick ascending loop of Henle and early DCT?
High permeability to solutes, but not to water
What is the function of the microvilli in the proximal convoluted tubule cells?
To increase the surface area for reabsorption
What is the purpose of the tight junctions between adjacent proximal convoluted tubule cells?
To prevent the escape of large molecules from the tubular lumen
What is the function of the basement membrane in the filtration process?
To act as a barrier for substances being filtered
What is the function of the mitochondria in the proximal convoluted tubule cells?
To provide energy for reabsorption processes
What is the function of the filtration slits?
To allow the passage of substances being filtered
What is the characteristic feature of the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule?
They are highly permeable to water and many solutes
What is the function of principal cells in the late DCT and cortical collecting duct?
To respond to hormones that regulate the cell's permeability to water and solutes
What is the key feature of intercalated cells in the late DCT and cortical collecting duct?
To secrete hydrogen ions into the urine to restore the acid/base balance of the body
What is the function of the collecting ducts in the kidney?
To deliver urine through papillae into minor calyces
What is the characteristic of the principal cells in the late DCT and cortical collecting duct?
They have few microvilli and basolateral folds
What is the location of the late distal convoluted tubule and the cortical collecting duct in the kidney?
In the cortical region of the kidney
What is the fate of the collecting ducts as they approach the renal pelvis?
They fuse together to form a single tube
This quiz covers the structure and function of principal cells and intercalated cells in the late distal convoluted tubule and cortical collecting duct, including their response to hormones and role in regulating permeability.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
