Walking Gait Cycle Phases
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Walking Gait Cycle Phases

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Questions and Answers

What is the typical cadence during walking?

  • 90 steps/min
  • 110 steps/min (correct)
  • 100 steps/min
  • 120 steps/min

    • The stance phase accounts for 60% of the gait cycle.

    True

    What is the typical velocity range for walking in meters per minute?

    70-90 m/min

    The typical step length during walking is approximately _____ of a person's height.

    <p>1/3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the phase of gait with the associated muscle actions:

    <p>Initial contact = Hip extensors and ankle dorsiflexors active Loading response = Knee extensors work eccentrically Mid-stance = Ankle plantar flexors working eccentrically Pre-swing = Hip flexors clear the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of gait do the knee flexors and ankle plantar flexors stretch?

    <p>Terminal stance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Double support time accounts for 80% of stride time.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical toe-out angle during walking?

    <p>7 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one possible underpinning impairment for a lack of dorsi flexion on initial contact during walking?

    <p>Weak dorsi flexors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Knee hyperextension during the loading response is an adaptive strategy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might result in hips being externally rotated bilaterally during the walking cycle?

    <p>Weak hip internal rotators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the stance phase, decreased ________ can lead to the trunk leaning forward.

    <p>dorsiflexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the missing components with their associated adaptive strategies or compensations:

    <p>Lack of knee flexion on loading response = Knee hyperextension Lack of dorsi flexion on initial contact = Decreased balance Decreased dorsiflexion through stance = Trunk forward lean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following could be a consequence of weak dorsiflexors?

    <p>Decreased power during toe-off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Uneven base of support often indicates issues with balance and lower limb strength.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could decreased passive length of the plantar flexors indicate?

    <p>Plantar flexor contracture or spasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of decreased knee extension through stance?

    <p>Trunk incline forward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A lack of plantarflexion at push-off can lead to insufficient hip flexion during swing.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adaptive strategy is commonly seen due to decreased knee flexion during initial swing?

    <p>Excessive hip flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The condition of having decreased dorsiflexion may be referred to as ______.

    <p>contracture/spasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the observed movement with its potential underlying impairment:

    <p>Decreased knee flexion = Insufficient push off due to weak and/or short plantarflexors Short step length = Weak knee flexion Lack of appropriate knee extension = Trunk incline forward during stance Lack of plantarflexion at push-off = Decreased hip flexion in swing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of weak knee flexion if it is present prior to push-off?

    <p>Circumduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A long step length is typically associated with weak hip flexors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could indicate insufficient push-off during gait?

    <p>Weak and/or short plantarflexors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of impaired clearance mechanisms at the ankle?

    <p>Weak ankle dorsiflexors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Weak hip contraction can result in optimal knee extension prior to heel strike.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary issues caused by weak quadriceps?

    <p>Decreased control during the terminal swing phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lack of ______________ results in impaired clearance mechanisms.

    <p>ankle dorsiflexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the gait issues with their causes:

    <p>Decreased knee extension = Weak knee extensors Impaired clearance at the ankle = Weak ankle dorsiflexors Weak quadriceps = Lack of knee control Terminal swing with knee flexed = Lack of control in hip flexors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can lead to terminal swing issues?

    <p>Weak hamstring muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A tight plantar flexor can contribute to poor ankle dorsiflexion.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What movement is associated with decreased knee extension prior to heel strike?

    <p>Knee flexion during terminal swing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the gait cycle is typically represented by the swing phase?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are primarily active during the loading response phase of the gait cycle?

    <p>Knee extensors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate stride duration during walking?

    <p>1.1 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the gait cycle is critical for preparing for the swing phase?

    <p>Terminal stance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical base of support (BOS) distance between heels during walking?

    <p>2-12 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of gait are the hip flexors and dorsiflexors mainly active to clear the foot?

    <p>Pre-swing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate angle of toe-out during walking?

    <p>7 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely consequence of insufficient push-off during gait?

    <p>Increased hip flexion during swing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group is primarily involved during the mid-stance phase of the gait cycle?

    <p>Ankle plantar flexors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which issue may arise from a lack of proper knee flexion prior to push-off?

    <p>Short step length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be an underlying impairment resulting from decreased dorsiflexion length?

    <p>Insufficient push-off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adaptive strategy might be seen with decreased knee flexion during initial swing?

    <p>Excessive hip flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of decreased hip extension at the end of stance?

    <p>Increased time in double support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can shorter hip flexors indicate during the swing phase?

    <p>Difficulty in leg clearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which underlying impairment might be related to excessive hip flexion during swing?

    <p>Decreased push-off strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition may result from decreased plantarflexion during push-off?

    <p>Shortened step length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a result of decreased ankle dorsiflexion at initial contact during walking?

    <p>Knee hyperextension during loading response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following may occur due to weak dorsiflexors during the stance phase?

    <p>Forward trunk lean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What compensatory strategy might a person use if they experience a lack of knee flexion on loading response?

    <p>Knee hyperextension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying impairment could result in hips being externally rotated during the walking cycle?

    <p>Weak hip internal rotators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which potential impairment is indicated by a forward trunk lean during the stance phase?

    <p>Compensation for weak dorsiflexors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might a decreased base of support in a walking cycle indicate?

    <p>Poor balance and strength in the lower limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a lack of dorsiflexion through the stance phase likely affect the gait cycle?

    <p>It can cause a truncal forward lean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could result from excessive hip flexion during gait?

    <p>Compromised pelvic elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a probable consequence of weak relative lower limb during the walking cycle?

    <p>Difficulty maintaining balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might cause impaired clearance mechanisms at the ankle?

    <p>Weak ankle dorsiflexors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A lack of dorsiflexion prior to heel strike can lead to which of the following?

    <p>Terminal swing with knee flexed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely consequence of weak quadriceps during the gait cycle?

    <p>Difficulty in terminal swing phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is associated with a lack of control of hip flexion during gait?

    <p>Weak knee extensors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might excessive tightness of the plantar flexors affect during gait?

    <p>Ankle dorsiflexion ability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What movement may indicate a lack of knee control during the gait cycle?

    <p>Knee flexion earlier than expected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following could be a consequence of weak ankle dorsiflexors during gait?

    <p>Delayed heel strike</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Walking Gait Cycle Phases

    • Normative values for walking include stride duration (~1.1 seconds/stride), stance/swing time (60%/40% of gait cycle), double/single support time (20%/80% of stride time), cadence (~110 steps/minute), velocity (70-90 meters/minute or 4.2-5.4 km/hour), step length (~1/3 of height, 60-65 cm), and toe out (~7 degrees).

    Gait Phases and Muscle Actions

    • Initial Contact: Hip extensors, knee flexors/extensors, and ankle dorsiflexors are active.
    • Loading Response: Knee extensors work eccentrically, controlling dorsiflexors.
    • Mid-Stance: Ankle plantar flexors work eccentrically, and knee flexors are active.
    • Terminal Stance: Hip flexors and dorsiflexors assist in clearing the foot.
    • Pre-swing: Hip flexors and dorsiflexors are mainly active.
    • Initial Swing: Hip extensors, dorsiflexors, and knee flexors work eccentrically to slow the foot.
    • Mid Swing: Hip extensors, dorsiflexors, and knee flexors work eccentrically to slow the foot.
    • Terminal Swing: Heel strike triggers ankle dorsiflexors, knee extensors/flexors, and hip extensors.

    Initial Alignment and Possible Impairments

    • Missing components: Decreased ankle dorsiflexion, hips not neutrally rotated.
    • Adaptive strategies: Hip externally rotated, increased base of support (BOS).
    • Possible underlying impairments: Decreased plantarflexor length (contracture/spasticity), weak hip internal rotation/hip adduction/short external rotation/hip abduction/balance/sensory issues, uneven BOS (weight).

    Stance Phase Impairments

    • Missing components: Lack of dorsiflexion on initial contact, lack of knee flexion on loading response, decreased dorsiflexion throughout stance, lack of appropriate knee extension/flexion during stance, decreased hip extension during terminal stance, lack of knee flexion prior to push-off, lack of plantarflexors at push-off.
    • Adaptive strategies: Hyperextension, trunk included forward during stance (hip flexion), trunk incline forward (hip flexion). Increased time in double support/quick step, short step length, circumduction, increased hip flexion in swing to clear leg.
    • Possible underlying impairments: Weak dorsiflexion (eccentric control) plantarflexor contracture, weak dorsiflexion decreased dorsiflexion plantarflexor length (contracture/spasticity), short hip flexor/short plantarflexor, weak knee flexion.

    Swing Phase Impairments

    • Missing components: Decreased knee flexion (initial swing), appropriate hip flexion (excessive), decreased knee extensions prior to heel strike, lack of ankle dorsiflexion prior to heel strike.
    • Adaptive strategies: Excessive hip flexion, elevation of pelvis, and abduction of leg.
    • Possible underlying impairments: Insufficient push-off due to weak/short plantarflexors, short hip flexors, impaired clearance mechanisms at the ankle due to weak ankle dorsiflexors/short plantarflexors, weak hip flexion and or knee flexion/dorsiflexion, and lack of control of hip flexion/knee flexion/knee extension, and Co-contraction.

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    Walking Quiz PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the different phases of the walking gait cycle, focusing on normative values such as stride duration and muscle actions involved during each phase. Delve into the specifics of how hip extensors, knee flexors, and dorsiflexors contribute to a smooth gait, and learn about the dynamics of walking. Perfect for students of kinesiology or physical therapy.

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