23 Questions
How many stages of gait are there?
7
Put the first 4 stages of gait in order.
1 = Initial Contact 2 = Loading Response 3 = Foot Flat/Contralateral Toe Off 4 = Mid Stance
match stages 5, 6 and 7 of the gait cycle
6 = Initial Swing 7 = Terminal Swing (late swing) ? = ? 5 = Terminal Stance
What phase is the start of the double support period?
Loading Response
What is the indicator of initial contact during phase 1?
Heel strike
What are the 2 phases of gait?
stance and swing
how many sub phases is in the stance phase?
4
how many sub phases are in the swing phase?
3
Gait is typically 60% stance and 40% swing
True
what is 1 stride equal to?
2 steps
match the stance and swing ratios to the correct gait pattern
Walk = 60:40 Run = 50:50 Race = 30:70 Sprint = 20:80
Flat foot/contralateral toe off is the beginning of a double support period.
False
What does terminal stance indicate?
the beginning of the second double support period
Distinguish between initial contact and initial stance
Contact = first phase. heel strike Stance = sixth phase. period of toe off through to feet adjacent ?1 = ?1 ?2 = ?2
describe terminal swing
going from feet adjacent back to heel strike of the starting foot
match the correct phase
Initial Contact = heel strike. Beginning of gait cycle Loading Response = start of double support period. Foot Flat/Contralateral Toe Off = end of double support. contralateral limb is at toe off Mid Stance = weight shift to the middle of the foot. the knee is reaching peak flexion and starts to extend
match the correct phase
terminal stance = second double support occurring. period from ipsilateral heel off to contralateral foot contact, aka push off initial swing = period from toe off through to feet adjacent terminal swing (late swing) = period from feet adjacent through to initial foot contact provided toe clearance has happened. ?.. = ?...
there are 6 determinants of gait
True
match the gait determinants to their function
lateral displacement/genu nalgum = we don't walk as robots. We have slight valgus at the knee to help reduce side to side movement as we walk. n/a = n/a m/b = m/b foot mechanism = external rotation of the leg and supination of the foot lengthening the leg at toe off.
Which determinant of gait is this?
hip and pelvis movement. There is rise and fall happening in the vertical direction, this happens as more weight shifts over the stance limb
pelvic rotation
which determinant of gait is this?
pelvis will tip up and down during the gait cycle. Tips in the frontal plane, it will move downward during swing and up during stance. Tries to help reduce vertical movement in COM. We want a little bit of movement to help dissipate forces and reduce back load.
pelvic obliquity
which determinant of gait is this?
adjusting the length of leg during the stance phase to maintain hip height. Works to keep the hip at a stable height
stance phase knee flexion
which determinant of gait is this?
lengthening of the leg at initial contact and toe off. Tries to lengthen the leg to help keep the hip height stable
ankle mechanism
Study Notes
Stages of Gait
- There are 7 stages of gait.
- The first 4 stages of gait in order are:
- Initial contact
- Loading response
- Midstance
- Terminal stance
- Stages 5, 6, and 7 of the gait cycle are:
- Preswing
- Initial swing
- Midswing
Phases of Gait
- There are 2 phases of gait: Stance phase and Swing phase.
- The stance phase has 3 subphases: Initial contact, Loading response, and Midstance.
- The swing phase has 3 subphases: Initial swing, Midswing, and Terminal swing.
- Gait is typically 60% stance and 40% swing.
Stride and Support Periods
- 1 stride is equal to the distance from initial contact of one foot to the initial contact of the same foot again.
- Flat foot/contralateral toe off marks the beginning of a double support period.
- Terminal stance indicates the end of the double support period.
Determinants of Gait
- There are 6 determinants of gait.
- The determinants of gait and their functions are:
- Hip and pelvis movement: Helps to reduce vertical movement in the center of mass (COM).
- Pelvic tilt: Tips in the frontal plane, moving downward during swing and upward during stance, to help reduce vertical movement in COM.
- Knee flexion: Adjusts leg length during the stance phase to maintain hip height.
- Ankle mechanism: Lengthens the leg at initial contact and toe off to help maintain hip height.
- Lateral pelvis shift: Helps to reduce vertical movement in COM.
- Arm swing: Helps to reduce rotational movement in COM.
going through each phase, things that differentiate them and stance and swing
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