Voting Rights and Reconstruction Era Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What was the main issue in the Credit Mobilier scandal?

  • Kickbacks to officials (correct)
  • Spoil system
  • Cross of Gold speech
  • Defrauding the US government of excise tax

Which of these scandals occurred during Ulysses S. Grant's presidency?

  • Credit Mobilier scandal
  • Whiskey Ring scandal
  • Both A and B (correct)
  • Neither A nor B

What was Grant's mistake regarding his cabinet?

  • He appointed people who were too loyal to him
  • He appointed people who were not qualified for their positions
  • He appointed people without experience in government
  • He appointed corrupt people to his cabinet (correct)

What did the Pendleton Act aim to reform?

<p>The spoil system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main issue in the 1896 election?

<p>The gold standard (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was William Jennings Bryan's opponent in the 1896 election?

<p>William McKinley (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who supported the Populists?

<p>Farmers and industrial workers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Booker T. Washington promote?

<p>Economic independence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Social Gospel movement?

<p>Improving living conditions for the poor and working class (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these countries was a source of new immigrants during the Gilded Age?

<p>Italy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of Dumbbell Tenements?

<p>They had a unique, dumbbell-shaped floor plan with air shafts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Comstock Act of 1873 prohibit?

<p>The distribution of obscene materials through the mail (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Italian immigrants returned to their home country during the Gilded Age?

<p>25% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did George Washington Carver create from peanuts?

<p>Hundreds of products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these practices contributed to the emergence of ethnic communities in industrial cities?

<p>Immigrants' preferences for living near people from their home countries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is nativism's main opposition?

<p>The influx of immigrants and their cultures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Settlement Houses advocate for?

<p>Urban reform (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the newspaper Ida B. Wells wrote for?

<p>The Memphis Appeal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Ida B. Wells leave Memphis?

<p>She was afraid of being lynched. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process did Carnegie implement in his steel production?

<p>The Bessemer process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Rockefeller own over 90% of in the United States?

<p>Oil refineries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is horizontal integration?

<p>The process of acquiring companies in the same industry to eliminate competition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who bought Carnegie's company 'US Steel'?

<p>J.P. Morgan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was James Duke a captain of industry in?

<p>Cigarettes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the federal troops moving in during the rail strike?

<p>To ensure the delivery of mail and other essential goods. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of the Granger Movement?

<p>To promote the interests of farmers and challenge railroad monopolies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major difficulty faced by farmers on the Great Plains?

<p>Frequent droughts, insect infestations, and financial debt. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What landmark legislation was passed during the Civil War to encourage westward expansion?

<p>The Homestead Act. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant factor that led to the migration of people to the West?

<p>The promise of free land and economic opportunity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conflict arose from the movement of miners into the Black Hills?

<p>The Battle of Little Big Horn. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major consequence of the Dawes Act?

<p>It resulted in the forced assimilation of Native Americans into mainstream American society. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What legislation aimed to reverse some of the negative effects of the Dawes Act?

<p>The Indian Reorganization Act. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event in 1886 negatively impacted the Knights of Labor?

<p>The Haymarket Square Bombing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a direct consequence of the Haymarket Square Bombing on police officers?

<p>A decline in union membership. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is the largest American labor union in the U.S. today?

<p>The American Federation of Labor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who led the bargaining and negotiation process for the American Federation of Labor?

<p>Samuel Gompers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 'Yellow Dog Contracts'?

<p>Agreements that prohibit workers from joining a labor union. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were labor unions resistant to immigration?

<p>Immigrants were willing to work for lower wages, undermining union bargaining power. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did immigrants undermine labor unions?

<p>They worked for lower wages, weakening unions' ability to negotiate fair wages and conditions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge in unionizing immigrant workers?

<p>The language barrier made it difficult to communicate and organize immigrant workers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of poll taxes?

<p>To prevent African Americans from voting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did literacy tests aim to do?

<p>Disenfranchise illiterate voters, primarily African Americans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Grandfather Clause allow?

<p>Anyone whose grandfather could vote to vote (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Civil Rights Movement achieve regarding poll taxes, literacy tests, and the Grandfather Clause?

<p>They abolished these practices altogether, making them illegal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Plessy v. Ferguson legalize, despite the supposed 'equal' treatment?

<p>Segregation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Brown vs. Board of Education?

<p>It overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, ending legal segregation in schools (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'waving the bloody shirt' refer to in post-Civil War politics?

<p>A political tactic based on appealing to voters' fear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who led the anti-Chinese violence that resulted in the Chinese Exclusion Act?

<p>Dennis Kearney (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Credit Mobilier Scandal

A scandal during Grant's presidency involving bribery and kickbacks to government officials.

Whiskey Ring

A scandal where government officials defrauded the U.S. of excise tax on whiskey.

Pendleton Act

A law aimed at reforming the spoils system in federal appointments.

William Jennings Bryan

A key political figure known for his populist views in the late 19th century.

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Cross of Gold Speech

A famous speech by Bryan advocating for bimetallism and against the gold standard.

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Farmers and Populists

Groups that supported the free coinage of silver for economic relief.

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Booker T. Washington

An African American leader who promoted economic independence through vocational training.

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W.E.B. Du Bois

An African American intellectual who advocated for immediate civil rights.

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Haymarket Affair

A labor protest in Chicago in 1886 that turned violent when a bomb was thrown.

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Yellow Dog Contracts

Agreements that prevent employees from joining unions, used by employers.

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Samuel Gompers

Leader of the American Federation of Labor who advocated for labor rights.

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Coxey's Army

A protest march by unemployed workers led by Jacob Coxey in 1894.

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Pullman Strike

A major strike in 1894 that resulted in federal intervention.

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Strike Resistance by Immigrants

Immigrants working for lower wages made labor strikes harder.

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Language Barrier in Unionizing

Difficulty communicating that hindered immigrant workers' organization into unions.

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Teddy Roosevelt's Arbitration

Roosevelt intervened to mediate labor disputes in the early 1900s.

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Jane Addams

A social reformer who co-founded Hull House in Chicago to provide social services to immigrants.

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Settlement Houses

Community centers that provided services like childcare, English classes, and counseling.

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Ida B. Wells

An African American journalist known for her anti-lynching campaign.

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Women's Rights Advocacy

Ida B. Wells championed women's rights alongside her anti-lynching efforts.

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Vertical Integration

A business model where a company controls every stage of production.

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Horizontal Integration

A strategy to eliminate competition by merging with or acquiring competitors.

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Andrew Carnegie

A leading figure in the steel industry, known for implementing the Bessemer process for steel production.

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Basketball Invention

The sport was invented by YMCA instructors in the 1890s.

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Poll Taxes

Fees required to vote, often discriminatory.

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Literacy Tests

Examinations to determine if voters could read or write, often unfairly applied.

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George Washington Carver

An agricultural scientist known for promoting peanut uses.

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Grandfather Clause

Regulations allowing individuals to vote if their ancestors had the right to vote.

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Plessy v. Ferguson

Supreme Court case that legalized racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

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Dumbbell Tenements

Poorly designed apartment buildings for low-income families in urban areas.

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Brown v. Board of Education

Supreme Court case that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, declaring segregation in schools unconstitutional.

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Comstock Act of 1873

Legislation aimed at prohibiting obscene materials in mail.

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Waving the Bloody Shirt

Political tactic used to evoke Civil War emotions to gain support.

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Nativism

A policy favoring native-born inhabitants over immigrants.

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Social Gospel movement

A religious movement aimed at social reform, addressing issues in slums.

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Chinese Exclusion Act

1882 law that banned Chinese immigration and denied U.S. citizenship to Chinese nationals.

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Billion Dollar Congress

Refers to the U.S. Congress of the 1880s noted for its extravagant spending and surplus.

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Ethnic clustering

The gathering of immigrants from similar backgrounds in specific areas.

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Return rate of Italian immigrants

Approximately 25% of Italian immigrants returned to their home country.

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Railroad Strike

A violent event where rail cars were overturned, highlighting conflicts between workers and industry.

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Federal Troops

Government troops moved in during the rail strike to ensure mail delivery and restore order.

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Granger Movement

A coalition formed by farmers aimed at addressing agricultural and economic issues.

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Target of Granger Movement

Monopolies that exploited farmers, leading to efforts for reform.

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Challenges for Great Plains Farmers

Farmers faced drought, insects, and debt, complicating their livelihoods.

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Dawes Severalty Act

Legislation aimed at breaking up tribal entities and promoting individual land ownership among Native Americans.

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Consequences of Dawes Act

Forced cultural assimilation of Native Americans, impacting their traditions and identity.

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Sooners

Individuals who illegally jumped the gun to claim land in Oklahoma during the land rush.

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Study Notes

Voting Rights and Discrimination

  • Poll taxes and literacy tests were used to discriminate against voters, particularly those who were illiterate or from minority groups.
  • Grandfather clauses further restricted voting rights based on ancestry.
  • The Civil Rights Act outlawed poll taxes, literacy tests, and related discriminatory practices.
  • Plessy v. Ferguson established the "separate but equal" doctrine, which was later overturned by Brown v. Board of Education.

Reconstruction Era

  • The Republican party played a significant role in post-Civil War politics.
  • The term "waving the bloody shirt" refers to a political tactic used in the post-Civil War era.
  • The Tammany Hall political machine was powerful in New York City.
  • Key figures in the era like Dennis Kearney and Tammy Hall influenced politics.

Scandals and Corruption

  • The Credit Mobilier scandal involved corrupt practices in the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad.
  • Corruption was prevalent in the Grant administration with officials engaging in kickbacks and other illegal activities.
  • The Spoils system led to corrupt practices within the US government.
  • Figures like William McKinley were involved during this era

Economic Issues

  • Farmers faced difficulties during the late 19th century, often advocating for silver to inflate the currency and help them pay debts.
  • The populist movement supported farmers and industrial workers, advocating for free coinage of silver and other economic reforms.
  • The 1896 election saw a contest between candidates with differing views on economic policy, including the gold standard vs. silver.
  • Key figures like Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois shaped the debate surrounding African American economic and political empowerment.

Industrialization and Labor

  • The Bessemer process and other innovations accelerated industrial growth, creating a need for new labor practices (for example, 8 hour work days).
  • Andrew Carnegie and other industrialists transformed the nation, gaining substantial wealth.
  • The Sherman Antitrust Act aimed to break up monopolies and promote competition.
  • JP Morgan was a significant figure in finance and banking, influencing business through interlocking directorates.
  • The Interstate Commerce Act regulated railroads.
  • Labor movements, such as the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor, emerged to address worker rights.
  • The Haymarket Square Riot was a significant event involving labor organizing.

Social and Cultural Issues

  • Immigration patterns shifted, with significant migration from Southern and Eastern Europe.
  • Concerns about immigrant clustering in urban areas emerged.
  • Social reforms were advocated to address issues of urban poverty and child labor, including the establishment of settlement houses.
  • Figures like Ida B. Wells fought against racial injustice.
  • The rise of progressivism addressed social issues associated with industrialization.

Native American Issues

  • The Homestead Act and westward expansion led to conflict with Native American groups, often resulting in violence and displacement of Native peoples.
  • The conflict at Little Big Horn was a pivotal event.
  • The US government's policies aimed to assimilate or displace Native American tribes, often forcing them onto reservations.

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