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Questions and Answers
What was the main purpose of the Black Codes?
Which amendment abolished slavery in the United States?
What did the 14th Amendment require states to do?
Which group of individuals were granted the right to vote by the 15th Amendment?
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What did the Black Codes deny African Americans?
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How did the Black Codes contribute to the rise of sharecropping?
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What was the outcome of the Federal Government passing the Enforcement Acts of 1872?
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How did the Ku Klux Klan react after Reconstruction ended in 1877?
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What impact did the Compromise of 1877 have on Reconstruction?
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Why did Samuel Tilden win the popular vote in the Election of 1876 but not become President?
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Who was Hiram Revels, and what role did he play in U.S. history?
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What significant change occurred in the South after Reconstruction ended regarding African-American participation in government?
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Study Notes
The Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
- The KKK grew in power by intimidating African Americans from voting and began to attack and use violence against blacks, northern whites, and southern white sympathizers.
- The Federal Government passed the Enforcement Acts of 1872 to break up Klan activity, leading to a decrease in violence and the removal of Klan chapters in several states.
- After Reconstruction ended, the KKK rose back to power without the protection of Northern troops.
End of Reconstruction (1877)
- Racial equality was growing in the South, with over 2,000 black candidates elected to local, state, and federal offices.
- Hiram Revels became the first African-American elected to the U.S. Senate.
Election of 1876 and the Compromise of 1877
- Samuel Tilden (Democrat) won the popular vote, but several southern states had their electoral votes thrown out.
- A Special Commission created by Republicans in the House led to the election of Rutherford B. Hayes as President.
- Hayes promised to end Reconstruction and withdraw Federal troops from the South in the Compromise of 1877.
Reconstruction Amendments
- 13th Amendment (1865): Abolished slavery in the Constitution, overturned the 3/5 compromise, and fugitive slave laws.
- 14th Amendment (1868): Established citizenship for all people born or naturalized in the U.S., required states to protect the rights of all U.S. citizens, and guaranteed equal protection of the law and due process of the law.
- 15th Amendment (1869): Granted all men the right to vote, regardless of race or color, but did not extend this right to women.
Black Codes
- To resist Northern influence in the South, states began to pass Black Codes, which denied blacks the right to testify against whites, serve on juries, vote, and express legal concerns publicly.
- While Black Codes granted some rights, such as legalized marriage and ownership of property, they also forced many blacks and poor whites to work as sharecroppers or tenant farmers, similar to a form of slavery.
- Black Codes led to the rise of the KKK.
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Description
Learn about the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution passed during the Reconstruction era. Understand how these amendments abolished slavery, granted citizenship to former slaves, and ensured voting rights regardless of race or color.
