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What is the function of Vitamin E?
Vitamin K is essential for normal spermatogenesis.
False
What is the effect of Vitamin E deficiency on the body?
Atherosclerosis and heart diseases, oxidative stress leading to muscle weakness and arrhythmia, and vision problems.
Vitamin K is necessary for the synthesis of ____________________ in the liver.
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What is the function of Folic Acid (FH4) in one-carbon metabolism?
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Match the vitamins with their functions:
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What is a cause of Vitamin K deficiency?
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Folic acid supplementation increases the risk of neural tube defects.
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What is the role of Folic Acid in the synthesis of DNA?
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Vitamin E is essential for normal spermatogenesis.
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What is the effect of Vitamin K on blood clotting?
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Methotrexate competitively inhibits ______________________ enzyme.
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What is the cause of megaloblastic anemia in Folic Acid deficiency?
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Sulfonamides are folic acid agonists.
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Match the following folic acid antagonists with their uses:
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What is the biochemical indicator of folate deficiency?
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Study Notes
Vitamin E
- Acts as a natural antioxidant due to the presence of the tocol ring, breaking free radicals.
- Maintains the integrity of the endothelium of blood vessels and stability of erythrocytes.
- Essential for normal spermatogenesis and continuation of pregnancy in rats.
- Increases the synthesis of Heme.
- Prevents the oxidation of vitamin A and β carotene.
- Protects against heart diseases by preventing the oxidation of LDL.
Vitamin E Deficiency
- Can lead to atherosclerosis and heart diseases.
- Causes oxidative stress, resulting in muscle weakness, arrhythmia, and vision problems.
Vitamin K
- Biochemical role depends on the synthesis of γ-carboxyglutamate.
- Essential for the hepatic synthesis of prothrombin and blood clotting factors VII, IX, and X.
- Interacts with platelets to form a prothrombin-calcium complex, which binds to phospholipids for blood clotting.
- Activates osteocalcin, converting pro-osteocalcin to osteocalcin.
Vitamin K Deficiency
- Uncommon due to adequate production by intestinal bacteria or obtained from the diet.
- Leads to internal and external hemorrhages.
- Caused by malabsorption syndrome, liver diseases, sterile intestine in newborns, prolonged use of antibiotics, and warfarin or dicumarol.
Folic Acid (Folate)
- Acts as a one-carbon metabolism, receiving one-carbon fragments and transferring them to amino acids, purines, and thymidine monophosphate (TMP) in DNA synthesis.
- Essential for DNA synthesis, synthesizing thymidine monophosphate (TMP).
- Necessary for the synthesis of red blood cells.
- Converts homocysteine to methionine, treating heart diseases.
- Prevents neural tube defects, such as Spina bifida and anencephaly.
Folic Acid Antagonists
- Methotrexate competitively inhibits folic acid reductase enzyme, blocking synthesis of nucleic acids and inhibiting cell division.
- Sulfonamides competitively inhibit folic acid reductase enzyme, preventing the formation of active forms of folic acid.
Folic Acid Deficiency
- Caused by increased demand, poor absorption, chronic alcoholism, diet lacking folic acid, drugs, and rapid growing cancer.
- Symptoms include megaloblastic anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, impaired growth, and neural tube defects.
- FIGLU test is a biochemical indicator of folate deficiency, accumulating in urine.
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Description
Learn about the essential functions of Vitamin E, including its role as a natural antioxidant, its effects on blood vessels and erythrocytes, and its importance in pregnancy and heart disease prevention.
