Vitamins and Their Functions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the main functions of vitamin A?

  • Enhancing lipid digestion
  • Promoting protein synthesis
  • Facilitating carbohydrate metabolism
  • Facilitating iron metabolism (correct)

    • What deficiency symptom is commonly associated with vitamin A?

  • Anemia
  • Night blindness (correct)
  • Osteoporosis
  • Diabetes

    • Which vitamin is synthesized by intestinal bacteria?

  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin K2 (correct)
  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin D

    • What is the primary role of vitamin E?

    <p>Acting as an antioxidant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which source is rich in vitamin K1?

    <p>Green leafy vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause a deficiency of vitamin K in adults?

    <p>Long-term antibiotic treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of vitamin K deficiency in infants?

    <p>Hemorrhagic syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is also known for having tocopherols?

    <p>Vitamin E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vitamins is fat-soluble?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a principal retinoid form of vitamin A?

    <p>Retinol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of retinol?

    <p>Animal products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following functions is NOT attributed to vitamin A?

    <p>Energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between carotenes and vitamin A?

    <p>Carotenes serve as precursors to vitamin A.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vegetables primarily supplies carotenes?

    <p>Red and yellow pigmented vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about vitamin A is incorrect?

    <p>Vitamin A is synthesized in sufficient amounts in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food is a rich source of carotenes?

    <p>Tomatoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of niacin in the body?

    <p>Synthesis of active forms of vitamin B3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan?

    <p>Niacin (Vitamin B3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition arises from a deficiency in niacin?

    <p>Pellagra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common source of pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)?

    <p>Whole grain cereals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the active form of vitamin B6?

    <p>Pyridoxal phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is NOT associated with pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)?

    <p>Regulating blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of pantothenic acid deficiency similar to?

    <p>Other vitamin B deficiencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can biotin deficiency typically occur?

    <p>Long-term antibiotic therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major symptoms of vitamin E deficiency in humans?

    <p>Increased red blood cell fragility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food sources are rich in vitamin D?

    <p>Fatty fish and egg yolk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do water-soluble B-group vitamins play in the body?

    <p>Act as coenzymes in metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D in young children?

    <p>Rickets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of thiamin (Vitamin B1) in metabolism?

    <p>Acts as a coenzyme in the TCA cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is primarily responsible for helping with calcium absorption?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vitamin prevents lipid peroxidation in cells?

    <p>Fat-soluble vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a function of vitamin D?

    <p>Supports the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of biotin deficiency?

    <p>Extreme exhaustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food source is high in Vitamin B12?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition results from Vitamin B12 deficiency?

    <p>Pernicious anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary role of Vitamin B12 in the body?

    <p>Synthesis of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Folic acid deficiency is particularly concerning during which time?

    <p>Pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is most likely to experience dietary deficiency of Vitamin B12?

    <p>Vegans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adversity must occur for Vitamin B12 to be absorbed by the body?

    <p>Presence of intrinsic factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does folate have on neural tube defects during pregnancy?

    <p>Decreases the risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of megaloblastic anemia caused by folic acid deficiency?

    <p>Low leukocyte levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin must be obtained through diet due to human inability to synthesize it?

    <p>Ascorbic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition arises from a deficiency of ascorbic acid?

    <p>Scurvy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified as a macro-mineral?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trace element is essential for the human body?

    <p>Chromium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is not associated with scurvy?

    <p>Increased wound healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vitamin deficiency is indicated by symptoms like nystagmus and ataxia?

    <p>Thiamin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vitamins is involved in collagen synthesis?

    <p>Ascorbic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Vitamins and Minerals

    • Vitamins are organic compounds crucial for health.
    • They are needed in small amounts, not produced by the body.
    • Vitamin deficiencies can cause diseases.
    • Vitamins act as co-enzymes.
    • They're not used for energy production by themselves.

    Vitamin A

    • Active forms are retinoids: retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid.
    • Retinoids can only be obtained from animal sources.
    • Carotenoids (like beta-carotene) are plant-based sources of vitamin A.
    • Beta-carotene can be converted to retinol in the small intestine.
    • Vitamin A is essential for vision, maintaining healthy tissues, and growth.

    Vitamin K

    • Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) comes from plant sources.
    • Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) is produced by gut bacteria.
    • K3 is a synthetic form and is water-soluble.
    • Involved in blood clotting (coagulation factors).
    • Plays a role in bone health.
    • Deficiency is rare in adults.

    Vitamin E

    • Tocopherols are a group of molecules called vitamin E.
    • It's a light-yellow oil.
    • Found in vegetable oils, olive oil, and other plant-derived sources.
    • Small amounts are present in animal products, like eggs, liver, and milk.
    • Primarily acts as an antioxidant.

    Vitamin D

    • Provitamin forms include 7-dehydrocholesterol (converted to vitamin D3 in the body with sunlight) and ergosterol(converted to vitamin D2 in the body.)
    • Vitamin D plays a role in calcium absorption, bone health, and other bodily processes.
    • Obtained from some foods or sunlight.
    • Deficiency in children leads to rickets, and in adults, to osteomalacia.

    Water-soluble B-group Vitamins

    • Crucial co-enzymes for carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism.
    • Found in whole grains, cereals, liver, eggs, milk, and yeast, among other foods.

    Thiamine (Vitamin B1)

    • Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is the active form.
    • Essential for carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism.
    • Key for enzymes in the TCA cycle.
    • Deficiency can lead to neurological issues, such as beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

    Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

    • Precursor for flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).
    • Important coenzyme in many metabolic pathways.
    • Deficiency can cause symptoms like eye issues, skin problems, and other issues.

    Niacin (Vitamin B3)

    • Can be synthesized from tryptophan.
    • Crucial coenzyme (NAD, NADP) for processes like energy metabolism.
    • Deficiency leads to pellagra (symptoms: Dermatitis, Diarrhea, and Dementia).

    Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5)

    • Component of coenzyme A (CoA) and acyl carrier protein (ACP).
    • Plays a role in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism.
    • Rare deficiency, given its widespread distribution.

    Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)

    • Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is the active form.
    • Important for reactions like amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis.
    • Isoniazid (a tuberculosis medication) can deplete the active form, leading to deficiency.

    Biotin (Vitamin H)

    • Cofactor for enzymes involved in carboxylation reactions.
    • Synthesized by intestinal bacteria; deficiencies are rare.
    • Excessive raw egg consumption can cause deficiency issues.

    Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)

    • Only found in animal products.
    • Needs intrinsic factor for absorption.
    • Crucial for DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, nerve function.
    • Deficiency can lead to pernicious anemia and neurological issues.

    Folic Acid (Folacin)

    • Crucial for DNA synthesis and red blood cell production.
    • Important during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects.
    • Deficiencies are less common with adequate intake.

    Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)

    • A good antioxidant.
    • Involved in collagen synthesis, iron absorption.
    • Synthesized by some animals but humans obtain it via dietary means.
    • Deficiency causes scurvy.

    Minerals

    • Divided into macro-minerals (needed in large amounts) and micro-minerals (needed in small amounts).
    • Macro-minerals include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, and sulfur.
    • Micro-minerals include chromium, cobalt, copper, etc.

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    Vitamins and Minerals PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the essential vitamins, their functions, and the symptoms of deficiencies. This quiz covers fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, sources, and roles in the body. Perfect for health science students or enthusiasts!

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