Vitamins and Minerals Quiz

Study Flashcards Play Quiz

Questions and Answers

Which vitamins are classified as fat-soluble?

Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K

What are some functions of vitamins important to health?

Regulate body processes, RBC formation, Immune function, Antioxidant defense

What are the general characteristics of vitamins?

Essential nutrients, Needed in small amounts, Classified based on solubility

What are some examples of water-soluble vitamins?

Vitamin C, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors influencing calcium absorption?

Vitamin D, stomach acid, and lactose Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the secretion of parathyroid hormone?

Low blood calcium levels Signup and view all the answers

At what age is peak bone mass achieved?

Around 20-22 years Signup and view all the answers

What are modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis?

Physical inactivity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption Signup and view all the answers

What are water's key functions in human health?

Serving as a solvent, transporting substances, and regulating body temperature Signup and view all the answers

How is water balance regulated?

Through metabolic water, food, and drink intake, as well as through expired air, perspiration, sweat, urine output, and feces Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates kidneys to conserve water?

ADH Signup and view all the answers

What are signs of water toxicity?

Headache, muscle weakness, and confusion Signup and view all the answers

What is hyponatremia?

Low blood sodium due to excessive water intake Signup and view all the answers

What are common signs of dehydration?

Rapid weight loss, dry mouth, and low urine output Signup and view all the answers

What are the classic signs of ariboflavinosis?

Glossitis, Cheilosis, Skin rash, Confusion, headaches Signup and view all the answers

What are the key vitamins in energy metabolism?

Niacin, Pantothenic acid, Vitamin B-6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended folate intake for women of childbearing potential?

400 $\text{mug/day}$ Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential toxicity concerns of high doses of niacin?

Flushing of skin, GI upset Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of folate?

Coenzyme THFA, DNA synthesis, Homocysteine metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What populations are at risk for vitamin B-12 deficiency?

Vegans, Elderly, Gastritis Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of vitamin B-12?

Coenzymes for cellular processes, folate and homocysteine metabolism, maintenance of myelin sheaths Signup and view all the answers

What are the deficiencies and symptoms associated with scurvy?

Vitamin C Signup and view all the answers

What healthcare facilities test blood homocysteine levels for?

B-12 or folate deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What are the concerns with excessive folate intake?

May stimulate cancer cell growth, 'masks' vitamin B-12 deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is crucial for the production of blood-clotting factors and is found in dark leafy greens, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, and asparagus?

Vitamin K Signup and view all the answers

What cooking methods help conserve vitamins in vegetables?

Quick cooking methods with less water, such as steaming and stir-frying Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is important for bone health, the immune system, and reducing the risk of chronic disease?

Vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamins are considered fat-soluble?

Vitamin A and Vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antioxidants in protecting cells?

Neutralizing free radicals by providing electrons Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences the bioavailability of vitamins?

Food processing and preparation techniques Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of vitamin E?

Acting as an antioxidant Signup and view all the answers

What is the bioavailability of a vitamin?

The amount of vitamin that is actually available for use by the body Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamins are included in enrichment of refined grains?

Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of water-soluble vitamins in the body?

They need to be consumed regularly to prevent deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of vitamin A?

Animal and plant sources Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is found in seeds and has rare deficiencies and toxicities from foods?

Vitamin E Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Vitamins and Minerals: Functions and Deficiencies

Key vitamins in energy metabolism: Niacin, Pantothenic acid, Vitamin B-6
Deficiencies and symptoms: Scurvy (Vitamin C), Beriberi (Thiamin), Pellagra (Niacin), Neural tube defects (Folate), Megaloblastic anemia (Folate, B-12), Pernicious anemia (B-12), nerve damage (B-12)
Classic signs of ariboflavinosis: Glossitis, Cheilosis, Skin rash, Confusion, headaches
High doses of niacin: Used for treating high cholesterol, potential toxicity concerns include flushing of skin, GI upset
Functions of folate: Coenzyme THFA, DNA synthesis, Homocysteine metabolism
Healthcare facilities testing for blood homocysteine levels: Checks for B-12 or folate deficiency
Food sources of folate: Papaya, beef liver, Broccoli, Asparagus, grains
Folate intake for women of childbearing potential: 400 mug/day
Concerns with excessive folate intake: May stimulate cancer cell growth, "masks" vitamin B-12 deficiency
Importance of vitamin B-12: Coenzymes for cellular processes, folate and homocysteine metabolism, maintenance of myelin sheaths
B-12 absorption and levels: Requires intrinsic factors secreted in the stomach, levels decrease with age
Populations at risk for B-12 deficiency: Vegans, Elderly, Gastritis, leading to megaloblastic anemia, pernicious anemia, nerve damage

Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Water-Soluble Vitamins Summary

Free radicals are substances with unpaired electrons, and antioxidants protect cells by giving up electrons to free radicals.
Antioxidants include vitamins E and C, selenium, and beta-carotene.
Vitamin bioavailability refers to the amount of vitamin that is actually available for use by the body.
Factors influencing the bioavailability of vitamins include GI transit time, health conditions affecting fat absorption, food processing and preparation techniques, and the source of the vitamin.
Quick cooking methods with less water, such as steaming and stir-frying, help conserve vitamins in vegetables.
Fat-soluble vitamins require fat and bile for absorption and are concentrated and stored in tissues, with toxicity and deficiencies being concerns.
Vitamin A is essential for vision, reproduction, cellular growth, and the immune system and is found in animal and plant sources.
Vitamin D is important for bone health, the immune system, and reducing the risk of chronic disease, and is found in animal foods, plant foods, and is produced in the skin with UV exposure.
Vitamin E functions as an antioxidant and is found in seeds, with deficiency being rare and toxicity not commonly from foods.
Vitamin K is crucial for the production of blood-clotting factors and is found in dark leafy greens, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, and asparagus.
Water-soluble vitamins are easily absorbed and excreted, need to be consumed regularly to prevent deficiency, and are actively exchanged in tissues.
Enrichment involves the addition of iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid to refined grains, and all B-vitamins serve a common role.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Vitamins and Minerals Quiz

Questions and Answers

Which vitamins are classified as fat-soluble?

What are some functions of vitamins important to health?

What are the general characteristics of vitamins?

What are some examples of water-soluble vitamins?

What are the factors influencing calcium absorption?

What triggers the secretion of parathyroid hormone?

At what age is peak bone mass achieved?

What are modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis?

What are water's key functions in human health?

How is water balance regulated?

What stimulates kidneys to conserve water?

What are signs of water toxicity?

What is hyponatremia?

What are common signs of dehydration?

What are the classic signs of ariboflavinosis?

What are the key vitamins in energy metabolism?

What is the recommended folate intake for women of childbearing potential?

What are the potential toxicity concerns of high doses of niacin?

What are the functions of folate?

What populations are at risk for vitamin B-12 deficiency?

What is the importance of vitamin B-12?

What are the deficiencies and symptoms associated with scurvy?

What healthcare facilities test blood homocysteine levels for?

What are the concerns with excessive folate intake?

Which vitamin is crucial for the production of blood-clotting factors and is found in dark leafy greens, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, and asparagus?

What cooking methods help conserve vitamins in vegetables?

Which vitamin is important for bone health, the immune system, and reducing the risk of chronic disease?

Which vitamins are considered fat-soluble?

What is the role of antioxidants in protecting cells?

Which factor influences the bioavailability of vitamins?

What is the function of vitamin E?

What is the bioavailability of a vitamin?

Which vitamins are included in enrichment of refined grains?

What is the role of water-soluble vitamins in the body?

What is the primary source of vitamin A?

Which vitamin is found in seeds and has rare deficiencies and toxicities from foods?

Study Notes

Studying That Suits You

More Quizzes Like This

Vitamins and Minerals Quiz

Vitamins and Minerals Quiz

Vitamins and Minerals Quiz: Test Your Daily Vitamin Knowledge

Vitamins and Minerals Quiz