Nutrition: Vitamins & Minerals Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is considered the primary energy currency of the cell?

  • Glucose
  • FADH2
  • ATP (correct)
  • NADH

    • Which process is NOT involved in energy metabolism?

  • Photosynthesis (correct)
  • Krebs cycle
  • Glycolysis
  • Oxidative phosphorylation

    • What percentage of body weight is typically made up of water?

  • 55-90%
  • 65-85%
  • 25-50%
  • 45-75% (correct)

    • Which of the following conditions is commonly characterized by muscle wasting and weakness?

    <p>Malnutrition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic pathway is primarily responsible for converting glucose into energy?

    <p>Glycolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does water play in biological systems?

    <p>Regulating body temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key feature of oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>Involves the electron transport chain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health condition is least likely to result in no edema?

    <p>Heart failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nutrients are fats considered?

    <p>Lipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is not water-soluble?

    <p>Vitamin A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a simple carbohydrate?

    <p>Lactose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is not classified as a major mineral?

    <p>Zinc (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fatty acid is linolenic acid?

    <p>Omega-3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbohydrate is not naturally found in plants?

    <p>Lactose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary storage form of carbohydrates in animals?

    <p>Glycogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of essential fatty acids?

    <p>Structural components (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food is a significant source of phospholipids?

    <p>Olives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a characteristic of trace minerals?

    <p>Required in large amounts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vitamins is responsible for vision?

    <p>Vitamin A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient primarily provides energy to the body?

    <p>Carbohydrates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of carbohydrates includes sugars like glucose and fructose?

    <p>Monosaccharides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of carbohydrates (CHO) on gluconeogenesis?

    <p>CHO inhibits gluconeogenesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may occur if carbohydrate intake is maintained at the recommended dietary allowance (RDA)?

    <p>Greater protein metabolism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient breakdown occurs via glycolysis?

    <p>Carbohydrates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of inadequate protein intake?

    <p>Nutritional deficiencies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by both insufficient protein and carbohydrates?

    <p>Marasmus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following amino acids is NOT considered essential?

    <p>Alanine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical symptom of protein-energy malnutrition?

    <p>Edema and distended abdomen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In energy metabolism, what role do carbohydrates play?

    <p>They act as a primary energy source. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possibility when the body does not receive enough energy from carbohydrates?

    <p>Enhanced gluconeogenesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Kwashiorkor?

    <p>An increased appetite. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes nutritional deficiencies caused by not eating enough food?

    <p>Malnutrition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acids are often categorized as essential?

    <p>Isoleucine and Leucine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does protein metabolism usually change when carbohydrates are sufficient?

    <p>Decreased protein metabolism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the digestion of carbohydrates in comparison to harder-to-digest foods?

    <p>Carbohydrates are more digestible. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following categories do vitamins belong to?

    <p>Micronutrients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of macronutrients in the diet?

    <p>Provide energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a macronutrient?

    <p>Vitamins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fats are typically considered beneficial for health?

    <p>Monounsaturated fats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are fatty acids primarily known for?

    <p>Serving as a source of stored energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which micronutrient is essential for vision and immune function?

    <p>Vitamin A (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do carbohydrates play in the body?

    <p>Provide immediate energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a source of saturated fats?

    <p>Butter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is known for its role in blood clotting?

    <p>Vitamin K (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main disadvantages of trans fats?

    <p>Increase in LDL cholesterol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of maintaining body temperature?

    <p>Facilitating chemical reactions in proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of daily fluid intake should ideally come from fluids?

    <p>80% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ounces of fluids should men consume per day?

    <p>125 oz (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ounces of fluids should women consume per day?

    <p>91 oz (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary function of maintaining pH balance?

    <p>Stabilizing body temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is fluid intake significant for body function?

    <p>It regulates temperature and pH levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do fluids play in the body?

    <p>Essential for chemical reactions and temperature regulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a healthy individual, dehydration can primarily affect which of the following?

    <p>Body temperature regulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical process is enhanced by proper fluid intake in the body?

    <p>Enzyme activation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of excessive fluid intake?

    <p>Hyponatremia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the pH level important in the body?

    <p>It regulates metabolic processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fluid balance in the body is vital for which of the following?

    <p>Supporting cellular functions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fluid intake has a significant impact on which bodily function?

    <p>Blood circulation and nutrient transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can disrupt the body's pH balance?

    <p>Dehydration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Macronutrients and Micronutrients

    • Macronutrients include proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.
    • Carbohydrates are categorized into simple sugars like sucrose, fructose, and lactose, while fats include essential fatty acids.
    • Proteins are vital for growth and repair, serving various bodily functions.

    Micro-nutrients Overview

    • Micro-nutrients consist of vitamins and minerals, essential for numerous physiological processes.
    • Vitamins are classified into water-soluble (e.g., B vitamins) and fat-soluble (e.g., vitamins A, D, E, K).
    • Minerals are divided into major (e.g., calcium, potassium, magnesium) and trace (e.g., iron, zinc, iodine).

    Functions of Vitamins and Minerals

    • Vitamins play crucial roles in energy metabolism, immune function, and maintaining skin health.
    • Minerals are important for bone structure, fluid balance, and enzyme function.

    Essential Fatty Acids

    • Essential fatty acids, such as linolenic acid (omega-3) and certain omega-6 fatty acids, are critical for cell membrane integrity.
    • Sources include olives, soybeans, and fish.

    Storage and Sources

    • Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and fatty tissues; hence, excessive intake can lead to toxicity.
    • Water-soluble vitamins are less likely to cause toxicity as they are excreted via urine.
    • Certain nutrients are primarily found in animal-based foods, whereas many others are abundant in plant-based sources.

    Conclusion

    • Both macronutrients and micronutrients are necessary for optimal health, supporting various bodily functions and preventing deficiencies.### Carbohydrates and Metabolism
    • Carbohydrates (CHO) inhibit gluconeogenesis, which is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, including amino acids (AAs).
    • When carbohydrates are consumed above the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), more proteins are metabolized as energy sources.
    • Breakdown of carbohydrates occurs via glycolysis, producing energy for the body.

    Nutritional Deficiencies

    • Nutritional deficiencies can result from inadequate protein or energy intake.
    • Malnutrition leads to conditions such as Marasmus and Kwashiorkor:
      • Marasmus: Characterized by inadequate intake of proteins and energy, leading to muscle wasting, weakness, and a thin appearance.
      • Kwashiorkor: Occurs with sufficient protein intake but inadequate energy, resulting in symptoms like edema, distended abdomen, and dermatitis.

    Protein Quality and Essential Amino Acids

    • High-quality proteins are essential for nutrition, as they provide necessary amino acids.
    • Important essential amino acids include:
      • Phenylalanine, Threonine, Isoleucine, Methionine, Histidine, Arginine, Lysine, and Leucine.

    Energy Metabolism

    • Energy metabolism involves biochemical processes, including glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, transforming food into ATP, the cell's primary energy currency.

    Water and Hydration

    • Water constitutes 45-75% of body weight and is crucial for life, helping maintain body temperature and pH balance.
    • Recommended daily water intake:
      • Males: 125 oz
      • Females: 91 oz
      • Approximately 80% of total intake should come from fluids.

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    Notes -Chapter 28 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on vitamins and minerals essential for a healthy diet. This quiz covers their functions, sources, and the importance of micronutrients in nutrition. Perfect for students in health and nutrition courses.

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