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Questions and Answers
What is the average oral temperature considered normal?
What is the average oral temperature considered normal?
Which condition is indicated by a pulse rate over 100 beats per minute?
Which condition is indicated by a pulse rate over 100 beats per minute?
What does orthostatic hypotension primarily cause?
What does orthostatic hypotension primarily cause?
What is the normal range for oxygen saturation in the blood?
What is the normal range for oxygen saturation in the blood?
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What does cyanosis indicate?
What does cyanosis indicate?
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What is considered a normal blood pressure reading?
What is considered a normal blood pressure reading?
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How should a patient's legs be positioned to manage symptoms of orthostatic hypotension?
How should a patient's legs be positioned to manage symptoms of orthostatic hypotension?
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What would be classified as hyperpyrexia?
What would be classified as hyperpyrexia?
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What potential risk does orthostatic hypotension pose when a person stands quickly?
What potential risk does orthostatic hypotension pose when a person stands quickly?
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What is the condition known as when the body temperature drops below 95°F?
What is the condition known as when the body temperature drops below 95°F?
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What is the definition of tachycardia?
What is the definition of tachycardia?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding oxygen saturation levels?
Which of the following statements is true regarding oxygen saturation levels?
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What is considered a significant concern regarding blood pressure readings?
What is considered a significant concern regarding blood pressure readings?
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Study Notes
Orthostatic Hypotension
- A drop in blood pressure that occurs when a person stands too quickly.
- This can deprive the brain of oxygen, causing lightheadedness or fainting.
- To help someone experiencing symptoms:
- Raise their legs above their heart.
- This increases blood flow to the brain which reduces lightheadedness.
Vital Signs - Temperature
- Normal Oral Temperature: 98 to 99 degrees Fahrenheit (average 98.6°F)
- Normal Rectal Temperature: 99.6 degrees Fahrenheit
- Normal Axillary Temperature: 97.6 degrees Fahrenheit
- Hypothermia: Temperature lower than normal, below 95°F
- Pyrexia/Fever: Elevated temperature.
- Medically, a fever is: 100.4°F to 105.9°F
- Hyperpyrexia: Life-threatening temperature, greater than 106°F
Vital Signs - Pulse
- Adult Pulse Rate: 60 to 100 beats per minute.
- Child's Pulse Rate (ages 4-10): 90 to 100 beats per minute.
- Tachycardia: Fast heart rate, greater than 100 beats per minute.
- Bradycardia: Slow heart rate, less than 60 beats per minute.
- Pulse Palpation Sites: Radial artery (most common).
Vital Signs - Other Methods
- Auscultation: Listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other organs with a stethoscope.
- Pulse Oximeter: Provides a pulse rate.
Respiration Rate
- Adult Respiration Rate: 12 to 20 breaths per minute
- Child Respiration Rate: 30 to 60 breaths per minute.
- Tachypnea: Fast, shallow breathing rate over 20 breaths per minute.
- Dyspnea: Difficulty breathing, a feeling of air hunger.
Oxygen Administration
- Flow rate: 3-5 liters per minute.
- Delivery methods: Nasal cannula or face mask.
- Cyanosis: Bluish discoloration of skin, lips, and nail beds, caused by low oxygen in the blood.
- Hypoxic: Low oxygen in tissues..
- Normal blood oxygen levels: Between 95% and 100%.
Blood Pressure
- Measurement method: Sphygmomanometer and stethoscope.
- Normal blood pressure: 120/80
- Systolic blood pressure: Measurement of the heart's pumping action.
- Diastolic blood pressure: Measurement of heart at rest.
- Normal resting diastolic pressure: 80 mm Hg
- Increased blood pressure: Greater than 90 mm Hg
- Shock indications: Less than 50 mm Hg
Nausea and Vomiting
- Nausea: Instruct patients to breathe slowly and deeply.
- Vomiting (Emesis): Position patient upright or on their side to prevent aspiration.
- Provide an emesis basin and a cool, moist cloth for the forehead.
Epistaxis (Nosebleed)
- Medical term for nosebleed.
- Treatment: Pinch nostrils against nasal septum.
- Avoid: Lying down or tilting head back.
- Seek medical attention: If bleeding lasts longer than 15 minutes.
Vertigo and Syncope
- Vertigo: Dizziness, often a precursor to syncope.
- Syncope: Temporary loss of consciousness due to insufficient blood or oxygen to the brain.
- Causes of Syncope: Many, including hunger.
- Treatment: Lie down, elevate feet, loosen clothing, and apply a cool, damp cloth to the forehead.
Positions for Medical Procedures
- Trendelenburg: Head lower than feet, used in treating shock, and also helpful in separating redundant bowel loops and demonstrating hiatal hernias.
- Fowler: Head higher than feet, relaxes abdominal muscles, and promotes maximum chest expansion for improved lung oxygenation.
Blood Pressure and Pulse Relationship
- Low blood pressure: Pulse increases to compensate for blood flow to organs.
- High blood pressure: Tissue thickens, making it harder to conduct electrical impulses, possibly slowing the pulse.
Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation
- CPR (Adult 30:2): 30 chest compressions followed by 2 ventilations at a rate of 100 per minute.
- AED (Automated External Defibrillator)--Steps: check for danger, check response, send for help, check for airways, check for breathing, CPR, Defibrillator..
Hypoglycemia
- Definition: Drop in blood sugar (glucose) levels.
- Common in: People with diabetes, especially Type 1 diabetes.
- Treatment: Graham crackers, fruit drinks, soda, or candy.
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Description
Test your knowledge on vital signs including temperature and pulse rates, as well as understand orthostatic hypotension. This quiz covers normal values, potential health issues, and management techniques for symptoms like lightheadedness. Perfect for students in health sciences or nursing!
