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Questions and Answers
What is the primary method through which viruses reproduce?
What is the primary method through which viruses reproduce?
Which type of nucleic acid can viruses have?
Which type of nucleic acid can viruses have?
What is meant by the term 'viral tropism'?
What is meant by the term 'viral tropism'?
What role does the capsid play in a virus?
What role does the capsid play in a virus?
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What classification of viruses is characterized by having a double-stranded RNA genome?
What classification of viruses is characterized by having a double-stranded RNA genome?
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Which of the following describes an obligate intracellular parasite?
Which of the following describes an obligate intracellular parasite?
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Which shape is not typically associated with virus symmetry?
Which shape is not typically associated with virus symmetry?
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What occurs during the eclipse phase of viral infection?
What occurs during the eclipse phase of viral infection?
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What is the role of viral envelope proteins?
What is the role of viral envelope proteins?
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Which type of viral replication results in the host cell's death?
Which type of viral replication results in the host cell's death?
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What distinguishes viral latency from chronic viral infections?
What distinguishes viral latency from chronic viral infections?
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Which of the following is a type of structural protein in viruses?
Which of the following is a type of structural protein in viruses?
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Where can viral assembly occur during the viral life cycle?
Where can viral assembly occur during the viral life cycle?
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Which of the following viruses is known to have a persistent infection?
Which of the following viruses is known to have a persistent infection?
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What is the primary role of mRNA synthesized during viral infection?
What is the primary role of mRNA synthesized during viral infection?
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Which statements correctly characterize persistent viral infections?
Which statements correctly characterize persistent viral infections?
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What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes RNA viruses from DNA viruses?
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes RNA viruses from DNA viruses?
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Which of the following viruses is classified as a retrovirus?
Which of the following viruses is classified as a retrovirus?
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What does viral tropism refer to?
What does viral tropism refer to?
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During which step of viral replication do new virions begin to form?
During which step of viral replication do new virions begin to form?
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Which process allows a virus to enter a host cell?
Which process allows a virus to enter a host cell?
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What is the term for the period between infection and the production of new virions?
What is the term for the period between infection and the production of new virions?
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Which viral process involves the binding of the virus particle to specific cell receptors?
Which viral process involves the binding of the virus particle to specific cell receptors?
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Which virus is linked to the disease varicella?
Which virus is linked to the disease varicella?
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Study Notes
Virus Structure and Classification
- Viruses are infectious particles that reproduce by hijacking host cells.
- Composed of a DNA or RNA genome within a protein shell (capsid).
- Some have an external lipid envelope.
- Vary in shape, genome type, and host range.
- Size: 10-100 nm (1/10 the size of bacteria).
- Obligate intracellular parasites: can only replicate within a living host cell.
Viral Genome
- Contains either DNA or RNA, never both.
- RNA viruses generally exhibit higher mutation rates than DNA viruses.
Viral Symmetry
- Icosahedral symmetry
- Filamentous symmetry
- Head-tail symmetry
Viral Nucleic Acid
- Double-stranded DNA
- Double-stranded RNA
- Single-stranded DNA
- Single-stranded RNA
Dentally Relevant Viruses
- Further details needed from the table mentioned in the text which is not provided here.
HIV, Hepatitis B, Varicella-Zoster, Herpes, and Influenza Viruses
- Further details on symmetry and nucleic acid classification needed from the text, this information is not provided here.
Viral Tropism
- Refers to a virus's ability to infect specific cells, tissues, or host species.
- Achieved through selective binding to host cell receptors.
Viral Replication and Spread
- Adsorption: Virus attachment to host cell receptors.
- Penetration: Viral entry into the host cell (endocytosis, fusion, or translocation).
- Uncoating/Eclipse: Viral capsid removal, releasing the genome; a period where the virus is undetectable.
- Transcription: Production of viral mRNA.
- Synthesis of Viral Components: Production of viral proteins (structural and non-structural).
- Assembly: Packaging of viral genome into new virions.
- Release: Virions exit the host cell (lytic: cell death, lysogenic: cell survival).
Viral Persistence
- Virus remains in the host without being cleared.
- May involve periods of both active and silent infection.
- Examples: HIV, Epstein-Barr virus, Human Cytomegalovirus, Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7, Varicella-Zoster virus, Human Papovaviruses, Hepatitis B virus.
Viral Latency
- Virus remains dormant within a cell.
- A type of persistent viral infection distinct from chronic infection.
Prions
- Structural features and relevance not provided in the supplied text.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental aspects of virus structure and classification, including viral genome composition, symmetry, and various types of viral nucleic acids. It also briefly touches on dentally relevant viruses and notable examples such as HIV and Influenza. Test your knowledge on the unique characteristics that define viral entities!
