Virology Quiz: Adenoviruses and Poxviruses

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Questions and Answers

What is the genetic material of adenoviruses?

dsDNA (correct)

ssDNA

dsRNA

ssRNA

Which of the following is NOT a feature of poxviruses?

Non-enveloped (correct)

Complex morphology

Replicates in cytoplasm

Enveloped

What is the primary route of transmission for variola, the virus that causes smallpox?

Fecal-oral route

Vector-borne transmission

Direct contact

Respiratory route (correct)

Which of the following viruses is NOT a poxvirus?

Adenovirus Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical reservoir for monkeypox?

Monkeys and wild squirrels Signup and view all the answers

How are adenoviruses typically transmitted from human to human?

Respiratory route Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the penton and fibers in adenovirus attachment?

Hemagglutinin Signup and view all the answers

What is the occupation most at risk for developing parapoxvirus infection?

Milker Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range of boys who are commonly affected by occupational diseases related to rotavirus?

5-15 Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in hospitalized patients?

Rotavirus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups is most likely to be affected by occupational diseases related to rotavirus?

Farmers, shepherds, slaughterhouse workers, and butchers Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the inclusion bodies produced by rotavirus?

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment approach for immunocompromised patients infected with rotavirus?

Cidofovir + alpha globulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic method that detects Guarnieri bodies in infected cells?

Cell culture Signup and view all the answers

What is the complication of rotavirus infection that affects the heart?

Myocarditis Signup and view all the answers

What is the serotype of rotavirus commonly associated with gastroenteritis?

Rotavirus 40-41 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target cell of Epstein-Barr virus?

B cells + epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common disease caused by Cytomegalovirus?

Cytomegalic inclusion disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the route of transmission of HHV-5?

Parenteral, transplacental, and respiratory droplets Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease caused by HHV-8?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease caused by Epstein-Barr virus in immunocompromised individuals?

Lymphoproliferative disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the rash caused by HHV-6?

Lacy body rash Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of Epstein-Barr virus infection in B cells?

Induction of mitosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease caused by Epstein-Barr virus in normal individuals?

Heterophile-positive mononucleosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the cells seen in the peripheral blood of patients with infectious mononucleosis?

Downey cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the virus that causes Kaposi sarcoma?

HHV-8 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of entry for Variola?

Inhalation of contaminated droplets Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells is permissive to Variola, allowing the virus to be produced?

Mucoepithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the rash in Variola infection?

Synchronous development of vesicles Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical incubation period for Variola?

5-17 days Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of the acute respiratory disease caused by Variola?

Diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the rash in Molluscum infection?

Replication in dermis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complication of Variola infection?

Erythema multiforme Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Orf lesions?

Large and granulomatous Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of Rubeola virus infection?

Throat, airways, and lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the common age range for infection by Rubeola virus?

Infants and young children Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for Rubeola virus?

Droplets, direct contact, and fomites Signup and view all the answers

What is the reservoir for Rubeola virus?

Humans Signup and view all the answers

What is the seasonality of Rubeola virus infection?

Winter months Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the Strain A of Rubeola virus?

More common than Strain B Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical period for transmission of Rubeola virus?

3 days before to 4 days after onset Signup and view all the answers

What is the zoonotic potential of Rubeola virus?

Severe and fatal in humans and animals Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Adenoviruses

Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), nonenveloped viruses
Hexons, Pentons, and Fibers form the virus structure
Over 50 serotypes, with most prevalent serotypes 1-7
Subgroup A-F
Most infections are asymptomatic
Primarily infect children, with less common infections in adults
Reactivated virus occurs in immunocompromised children and adults

Poxviruses

Large, dsDNA, enveloped viruses with complex morphology
Replicate in the cytoplasm, potential biowarfare agents
Viriola: 1 serotype, eradicated through vaccination with vaccinia viruses
Vaccinia (vaccine strain): a hybrid of cowpox and variola
Molluscum contagiosum and orf cause occupational diseases in ungulates and humans

Parapoxvirus

Infects ungulates, causing human occupational diseases
Examples include orf (sheep) and milker's nodes (cow)

Transmission and Reservoir

Adenoviruses: human-to-human transmission through respiratory, fecal-oral, and direct contact routes
Adenoviruses: humans and animals as reservoirs
Poxviruses: variola (smallpox) has humans as a reservoir, while cowpox has rodents as a reservoir
Poxviruses: transmission through respiratory, direct contact, and milking cows

Pathogenesis

Adenoviruses: penton and fibers act as hemagglutinin (attachment), with penton being toxic to cells
Adenoviruses: undergo lytic, latent, and transforming cycles
Poxviruses: enter the upper respiratory tract, spreading through lymphatics, and causing viremia and infection of skin and internal organs

Disease

Adenoviruses: cause acute respiratory disease, pneumonia, and gastroenteritis
Poxviruses: cause variola (smallpox), molluscum contagiosum, and orf

Diagnosis and Treatment

Adenoviruses: diagnosed through serology, ELISA, and cell culture
Adenoviruses: treated with supportive care, with cidofovir and alpha-globulin used in immunocompromised patients
Poxviruses: diagnosed through clinical evaluation, Guarnieri bodies, and eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies
Poxviruses: treated with supportive care

Gammaherpesvirus (HHV-4)

Targets B cells and epithelial cells
Latency in B cells
Reservoir: human
Transmission: through saliva (kissing disease)
Pathogenesis: infects nasopharyngeal epithelial cells, salivary glands, and lymphoid tissue
Disease: causes heterophile-positive mononucleosis (kissing disease)

Gammaherpesvirus (HHV-8)

Targets lymphocytes and other cells
Latency in B cells
Reservoir: human
Transmission: through sexual contact, saliva, and vertical transmission
Pathogenesis: causes development of Kaposi sarcoma
Disease: causes Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman's disease

Betaherpesvirus (HHV-5)

Targets monocytes, lymphocytes, and epithelial cells
Latency in monocytes and lymphocytes
Reservoir: human
Transmission: through saliva, sexual contact, parenteral, and transplacental routes
Pathogenesis: replicates in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Disease: causes cytomegalic inclusion disease

Betaherpesvirus (HHV-6 and HHV-7)

Targets T cells
Latency in T cells
Reservoir: human
Transmission: through respiratory droplets
Pathogenesis: replicates in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Disease: causes roseola (exanthem subitum)

Other Viruses

Avian influenza virus: affects birds, contagious, and harmful to poultry
Emerging zoonosis: severe and fatal in horses and humans
Severe and fatal disease in animals and humans

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Description

This quiz covers the features and characteristics of adenoviruses and poxviruses, including their morphology, replication, and effects on humans and animals.