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Virology Overview Quiz
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Virology Overview Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the length of the HBV viral genome?

  • 2500 bp
  • 5000 bp
  • 3200 bp (correct)
  • 4500 bp

    • Which of the following statements about HBV isolates is true?

  • They consist of multiple independent strands.
  • They have no sequence homology.
  • They differ by over 50% in sequence.
  • They share 90–98% nucleotide sequence homology. (correct)

    • What encodes seven polypeptides in the HBV genome?

  • Five open reading frames
  • Two open reading frames
  • Four open reading frames (correct)
  • Three open reading frames

    • Which protein includes DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase activities?

    <p>Large polymerase protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many in-frame initiation codons does the S gene have?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which description best fits the diameter of the viral nucleocapsid?

    <p>Approximately 18 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is released from the HBV virion core?

    <p>HBeAg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of DNA does the viral genome consist of?

    <p>Double-stranded circular DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the year of the frozen strawberries outbreak in the United States?

    <p>1997</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which primate has been documented to infect humans through close contact?

    <p>Chimpanzees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is transfusion-associated hepatitis A considered rare?

    <p>Low titer of virus in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hepatitis virus is seldom transmitted via contaminated needles?

    <p>Hepatitis A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a noted characteristic of hepatitis A infection in humans?

    <p>The viremic stage occurs during the prodromal phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates a past or present infection with Hepatitis D virus (HDV)?

    <p>Anti-HDV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main transmission route of Hepatitis E virus (HEV)?

    <p>Fecal-oral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does IgM anti-HEV indicate?

    <p>Recent infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of treatment is immune globulin (IG)?

    <p>Intravenous treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which globulin contains high titers of antibodies to Hepatitis B virus?

    <p>HBIG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can IgM anti-HEV remain positive after infection?

    <p>4-6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size range of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) particles?

    <p>28–42 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component is not present in Immune Globulin (IG)?

    <p>Antibodies to HCV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding HEV is true?

    <p>It causes epidemics in Asia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of anti-HDV antibodies indicate?

    <p>Past or present HDV infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What family does Hepatitis A belong to?

    <p>Picornaviridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hepatitis virus has a double-stranded DNA genome?

    <p>Hepatitis B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hepatitis virus is Hepatitis C?

    <p>ssRNA virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hepatitis virus is often associated with parenteral transmission?

    <p>Hepatitis C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the Hepatitis B virus virion?

    <p>42 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hepatitis virus is notable for having a chronic disease occurrence?

    <p>Hepatitis B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hepatitis viruses is said to be heat stable?

    <p>Hepatitis A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hepatitis virus has the highest prevalence?

    <p>Hepatitis A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Hepatitis E is TRUE?

    <p>It has a spherical virion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Hepatitis D regarding oncogenic potential?

    <p>It is not oncogenic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary organ affected by viral hepatitis?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hepatitis virus is associated with serum hepatitis?

    <p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method used to inactivate hepatitis A virus (HAV)?

    <p>Heating to above 85°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is dependent on which other virus for coinfection?

    <p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method can be used to detect hepatitis A virus in stools?

    <p>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hepatitis viruses is commonly associated with posttransfusion hepatitis?

    <p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common treatment to disinfect surfaces that may have been contaminated with hepatitis A virus?

    <p>Sodium hypochlorite (chlorine bleach)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not one of the five main hepatitis virus types mentioned?

    <p>Hepatitis F virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of hepatitis A virus (HAV)?

    <p>It is enterically transmitted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of HAV’s relative resistance to disinfection procedures?

    <p>It emphasizes the need for additional precautions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Viral Structure and Genomics

    • HBV has a virion core with a diameter of approximately 42 nm, containing partially double-stranded, circular DNA of 3200 base pairs (bp).
    • Different HBV isolates exhibit 90-98% nucleotide sequence homology.
    • The long (L) strand is complementary to all HBV mRNAs, while the short (S) strand shows variability, comprising 50-80% of the unit length.
    • Four open reading frames exist, encoding seven polypeptides, including structural proteins and a transcriptional transactivator (X).

    Hepatitis Virus Overview

    • Hepatitis viruses primarily affect the liver, causing systemic diseases.
    • Five agents responsible for acute viral hepatitis:
      • Hepatitis A (HAV) – infectious hepatitis, RNA virus.
      • Hepatitis B (HBV) – serum hepatitis, DNA virus.
      • Hepatitis C (HCV) – common post-transfusion hepatitis, RNA virus.
      • Hepatitis D (HDV) – defective virus needing HBV for infection.
      • Hepatitis E (HEV) – enterically transmitted, RNA virus.

    Virus Stability and Transmission

    • HAV is resistant to certain treatments: stable in 20% ether, heat (60°C for 1 hour), and acid (pH 1.0 for 2 hours).
    • Inactivation of HAV requires autoclaving, boiling, or chlorine treatment.
    • Transmission routes differ: HAV and HEV are fecal-oral, while HBV, HCV, and HDV are parenteral.

    Antibodies and Immune Globulin

    • Anti-HD and IgM anti-HEV are important antibodies indicating past or recent infections.
    • Immune globulin contains antibodies for HAV and HBV, while Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) contains high titers specific to HBV.

    Hepatitis Virus Characteristics

    • Notable properties of hepatitis viruses:
      • HAV: 27 nm, icosahedral; no envelope; ssRNA; high prevalence in high-risk areas.
      • HBV: 42 nm, spherical; enveloped; dsDNA; chronic disease potential.
      • HCV: 60 nm, spherical; enveloped; ssRNA; also linked to chronic disease.
      • HDV: 35 nm, spherical; needs HBV; ssRNA; can cause severe liver disease.
      • HEV: 30-32 nm, icosahedral; no envelope; ssRNA; associated with epidemics.

    Global Distribution

    • Global distribution of hepatitis viruses varies, with certain regions having moderate to high risks for HAV and HBV infections as indicated by WHO reports.

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    Related Documents

    Jawetz Chapter 35.pdf

    Description

    Test your knowledge on virology, focusing on the structure and components of virions, including the antibody response. This quiz explores key concepts related to viral DNA and the immunological aspects surrounding viral particles.

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