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Questions and Answers
Which part of the body detects rotational movement of the head?
Which part of the body detects rotational movement of the head?
Where does awareness occur only when balance is lost or there are dramatic mismatches between visual input and vestibular inputs?
Where does awareness occur only when balance is lost or there are dramatic mismatches between visual input and vestibular inputs?
Which part of the brain is responsible for catching our balance when falling?
Which part of the brain is responsible for catching our balance when falling?
What is the difference between sensation and perception?
What is the difference between sensation and perception?
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What is transduction in the context of sensory systems?
What is transduction in the context of sensory systems?
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Which part of the brain is responsible for interpreting neural activity from sensory systems?
Which part of the brain is responsible for interpreting neural activity from sensory systems?
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What does perception involve?
What does perception involve?
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What is the function of the pinna in the outer ear?
What is the function of the pinna in the outer ear?
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Which part of the ear contains the ossicles?
Which part of the ear contains the ossicles?
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What is the role of the cochlea in the inner ear?
What is the role of the cochlea in the inner ear?
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Where does transduction of sound vibration pressure occur?
Where does transduction of sound vibration pressure occur?
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What theory explains that different tones lead to activation in different areas of the basilar membrane and auditory cortex?
What theory explains that different tones lead to activation in different areas of the basilar membrane and auditory cortex?
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What is the primary function of taste buds on the tongue?
What is the primary function of taste buds on the tongue?
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Which part of the eye is responsible for acuity or sharpness of vision?
Which part of the eye is responsible for acuity or sharpness of vision?
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What is the process called when the eye adapts the focusing power of the lens based on the distance of objects?
What is the process called when the eye adapts the focusing power of the lens based on the distance of objects?
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Which type of vision occurs when images are focused behind the retina or when the eyes are too short?
Which type of vision occurs when images are focused behind the retina or when the eyes are too short?
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What is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain?
What is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain?
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Which type of depth cues include relative size, texture gradient, and interposition?
Which type of depth cues include relative size, texture gradient, and interposition?
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What type of perception occurs when the brain compares visual frames to determine motion?
What type of perception occurs when the brain compares visual frames to determine motion?
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What is the term for the smallest amount of stimulus change that we can detect?
What is the term for the smallest amount of stimulus change that we can detect?
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Which theory explains how we detect stimuli under uncertain conditions?
Which theory explains how we detect stimuli under uncertain conditions?
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What does Weber's Law state?
What does Weber's Law state?
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What is the term for our expectations influencing what we perceive?
What is the term for our expectations influencing what we perceive?
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What is the term for perceiving a stimulus consistently across varied conditions?
What is the term for perceiving a stimulus consistently across varied conditions?
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What is the term for selectively focusing on certain sensory inputs while ignoring others?
What is the term for selectively focusing on certain sensory inputs while ignoring others?
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Study Notes
- Sensation & Perception: two sides of the coin, with sensory activation greatest when we first detect a stimulus and sensory adaptation where sense receptors react strongly initially and then tamp down their response to conserve energy and attentional resources.
- Absolute threshold: the lowest level of a stimulus that can be detected when no other stimuli of the same type are present.
- Just Noticeable Difference (JND): the smallest amount of stimulus change that we can detect.
- Weber's Law: the stronger the stimulus, the greater change needed to detect.
- Signal detection theory: how we detect stimuli under uncertain conditions.
- Signal-to-Noise Ratio: it becomes harder to detect a signal as background noise increases.
- Our brains do not rely on what's in our sensory field but also on what was there a moment ago and what we remember from our past.
- Parallel Processing: we attend to multiple senses at once, with bottom-up processing constructing a whole stimulus from its parts and top-down processing analyzing the whole stimulus and then processing the smaller parts.
- Perceptual sets: our expectations influence what we perceive.
- Perceptual constancy: we perceive a stimulus consistently across varied conditions.
- Color perception: derives from context.
- Flexible attention: selective attention allows us to focus on certain sensory inputs while ignoring others.
- Seeing: the visual system, with light as electromagnetic energy, visible light being in the hundreds of nanometers, and other animals having a more restricted or greater spectrum.
- Structure of the Eye: different parts including the sclera (white portion), iris (colored part), pupil (hole where light enters), cornea (transparent cells that focus light), and fixed lens (changes curvature to focus light onto the retina).
- The sclera has psychological significance in terms of complex information, arousal and excitement, and attractiveness.
- The cornea is a transparent layer that focuses light on the back of the eye.
- The fixed lens changes curvature for accommodation and focuses light onto the back of the eye.
- Cocktail Party Effect: we don't typically notice what other people are saying at a party unless it's relevant to us.
- Change-blindness: failure to detect obvious changes in the environment.
- Light: electromagnetic energy, with visible light being in the hundreds of nanometers.
- Other animals may have a more restricted or greater spectrum.
- When light reaches an object, some of it gets reflected and some gets absorbed.
- Brightness: intensity of the reflected light, with white reflecting and black absorbing.
- Hue: the color of light.
- Primary colors: red, green, and blue (additive color mixing), and yellow, cyan, magenta, and black (subtractive color mixing).
- Two pigments: melanin (brown) and lipochrome (yellowish brown) control the amount of light that enters the eye.
- The pupil: the hole where light enters the eye.
- Pupil dilation and pupil contraction relate to the amount of light that enters the eye.
- Psychological significance: complex information, arousal and excitement, and attractiveness.
- Belladonna is a substance that dilates the pupil.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the structure of the eye and common vision defects such as myopia and hyperopia. Explore how the eye adapts to different distances and the impact of corrective lenses on vision.
