Veterinary Science: Health Assessment Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)?

Eyelid elevation and pupil constriction (correct)

Lateral eye movement

Downward and inward eye movement

Facial expressions and taste sensation

Which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing and balance?

Facial (CN VII)

Accessory (CN XI)

Trigeminal (CN V)

Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) (correct)

What nutrient primarily serves as a source of energy and is found in grains, vegetables, and fruits?

Vitamins

Carbohydrates (correct)

Protein

Fats

What is the formula to calculate the dosage needed for a medication based on its concentration?

Desired dose / Available dose x Quantity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vitamins are not stored in the body and are eliminated through urine?

Water-soluble vitamins Signup and view all the answers

Which temperature range is considered normal for dogs?

100.5-102.5°F Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve provides taste sensation on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

Facial (CN VII) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal pulse range for cats?

140-220 beats per minute Signup and view all the answers

What essential mineral is vital for bone health and nerve function?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

During a physical exam, which aspect of the animal's general appearance should NOT be observed?

Temperature Signup and view all the answers

Which diet is typically recommended for managing obesity?

Low fat and high fiber Signup and view all the answers

Which test specifically measures tear production in the eyes?

Schirmer Tear Test Signup and view all the answers

What is a key step in the venipuncture procedure?

Clip the hair around the site and clean it Signup and view all the answers

What does the neurological exam assess in animals?

Mental status and reflexes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques is used to identify ear infections?

Ear Cytology Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Optic nerve (CN II)?

Vision Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary hormonal change that occurs during the diestrus phase?

Increase in progesterone levels Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of parturition involves the expulsion of the placenta?

Stage III Signup and view all the answers

What role does colostrum play in neonatal care?

Rich in antibodies and essential nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of wound healing characterized by redness, swelling, and pain?

Inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of wound is caused by a pointed object?

Puncture wound Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of the stages of grief as commonly experienced?

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the gestation period in cows?

9 months Signup and view all the answers

What is true about clean wounds?

Uninfected and made under sterile conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure involves collecting fluid directly from the bladder?

Cystocentesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of urinary catheters?

Relieving urinary obstruction Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is produced by the corpus luteum and is crucial for maintaining pregnancy?

Progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using Romanowsky Stains?

To stain blood cells and other cellular components Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the estrous cycle is the animal not receptive to mating?

Proestrus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques is used to collect cells from a mass or organ?

Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using IV catheters in veterinary practices?

To administer fluids and medications Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the Estrous cycle hormone primarily responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics?

Estrogen Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

I. Understanding and Practicing Math

Know your conversations
Dosage calculations

II. Physical Exam

Know your normal values
- Temperature:
  - Dogs: 100.5-102.5°F (38.0-39.2°C)
  - Cats: 100.0-102.5°F (37.8-39.2°C)
- Pulse:
  - Dogs: 60-160 beats per minute (bpm) (varies with size and breed)
  - Cats: 140-220 bpm
- Respiration Rate:
  - Dogs: 10-30 breaths per minute
  - Cats: 15-30 breaths per minute
Dosage Calculations: Dose needed/concentration=Volume Desired dose/Available dose x quantity
General Appearance: Observe the animal's demeanor (alert, lethargic, anxious), body condition (overweight, underweight, ideal), and gait (lameness, stiffness).
Vital Signs:
- Temperature: Measured rectally with a digital thermometer.
- Pulse: Palpated (felt) over the femoral artery (groin) or other locations.
- Respiration Rate: Observed by watching the chest rise and fall.
Head and Neck:
- Eyes: Examine for discharge, cloudiness, redness, or abnormalities of the pupils.
- Ears: Inspect for discharge, redness, or foreign bodies.
- Nose: Check for discharge, dryness, or any abnormalities.
- Mouth: Examine teeth and gums for signs of dental disease (plaque, tartar, gingivitis).
- Lymph Nodes: Palpate the lymph nodes in the neck and under the jaw for any enlargement.
Thorax: Auscultation: Listen to the heart and lungs with a stethoscope for any abnormal sounds (murmurs, crackles, wheezes).
Abdomen: Palpation: Gently feel the abdomen to assess the size and shape of the internal organs (liver, spleen, kidneys).

III. Neurological Exam

Cranial nerves/functions
- Olfactory (CN I): Function: Sense of smell.
- Optic (CN II): Function: Vision.
- Oculomotor (CN III): Function: Eyelid elevation, pupil constriction, most eye movements.
- Trochlear (CN IV): Function: Downward and inward eye movement.
- Trigeminal (CN V): Function: Sensory innervation of the face, motor innervation of the muscles of mastication (chewing).
- Abducens (CN VI): Function: Lateral eye movement.
- Facial (CN VII): Function: Facial expressions, taste sensation on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
- Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII): Function: Hearing, balance.
- Glossopharyngeal (CN IX): Function: Swallowing, taste sensation on the posterior one-third of the tongue, salivary gland secretion.
- Vagus (CN X): Function: Swallowing, speech, heart rate, digestion.
- Accessory (CN XI): Function: Shoulder and neck movements.
- Hypoglossal (CN XII): Function: Tongue movement.

IV. Venipuncture

Know the common injection sites
Catheter placement
Prepare the site: Clip the hair around the chosen site and clean it with an antiseptic solution.
Insert the catheter: Gently insert the needle into the vein at the appropriate angle.
Advance the catheter: Once blood return is confirmed, advance the catheter over the needle into the vein.
Remove the needle: Carefully withdraw the needle while holding the catheter in place.
Secure the catheter: Connect to tubing and secure it in place.

V. Nutrition

Protein: Builds and repairs tissues, enzymes, hormones (meat, fish, poultry, eggs, dairy)
Carbohydrates: Primary source of energy (grains, vegetables, fruits)
Fats: Concentrated energy source, skin and coat health (meat, fish, oils, seeds)
Vitamins: Essential for bodily functions (water-soluble, fat-soluble)
Minerals: Important for bone health, nerve function (calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, trace minerals)
Water: Essential for all bodily functions (digestion, circulation, temperature regulation)

VI. Sample Collection

Centesis: Aspiration of fluid from a body cavity
Procedures involving sample collection: Abdominocentesis, Thoracocentesis, Arthrocentesis, Blood Collection, Urine Collection, Cystocentesis, Urinary Catheterization, Fecal Collection, Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Tap, Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA), Biopsy, Swabs.

VII. Reproduction

Hormones: Estrogen, Progesterone, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Estrous cycle: Proestrus, Estrus, Diestrus, Anestrus
Clinical signs during each stage of the estrous cycle

VIII. Euthanasia and Bereavement

Common drugs used for euthanasia (e.g., pentobarbital)
Stages of grief: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

IX. Wound Management

Wound healing stages: Inflammation, Proliferation, Maturation
Wound types: Lacerations, Abrasions, Puncture wounds

X. Burns

Tissue damage (heat, chemicals, radiation)
Wound classifications: Clean, Clean-Contaminated, Contaminated, Dirty/Infected
Wound closure: Primary, Delayed Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
Bandages: Protect the wound from further injury and contamination, Absorb exudate, Provide support and immobilization, Promote healing

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Description

Test your knowledge on vital signs and physical exam protocols for dogs and cats. This quiz covers important aspects like dosage calculations and normal values for temperature, pulse, and respiration. Perfect for aspiring veterinarians and animal health students.