Lab Animal Health and Disease Assessment

<p>Vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abnormal grooming behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Torticollis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of grooming</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hunched back</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slow or lack of reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pneumonia and rhinitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oedematous swelling on ears and eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interstitial implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By cavitation and plectamnion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schizamnion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superficial implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hollowing of the pro-amniotic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schizamnion and plectamnion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amnion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It merges with the amniotic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of tissue layers nutrients must cross</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epitheliochorial</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Horse</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They nestle between the epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One layer is separated</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epitheliochorial</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential endothelioendothelial type</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At the site of the areolae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endotheliochorial placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased glandular activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contribute to hemotrophic nutrition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transfer of iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetal gut development</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Histiotrophic nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetal cells do not form microvilli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oryctolagus cuniculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phylum: Mammalia, Order: Carnivora, Family: Canidae, Genus: Canis, Species: lupus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zebrafish</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cercopithecidae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>aries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cavia procellus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ruminantia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chordata</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cavia procellus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hold the needle closer to the tip</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atropine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A female mouse will abort if exposed to male urine within 24 hours (Bruce effect).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B and T epitopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To avoid underestimation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bipolar electrosurgery can only be used for coagulation, not incisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acepromazine (ACP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Warfarin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B and T cell epitopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensation of pain coming from a stimulus that should not be painful.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use a needle holder with a longitudinal groove.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A male mouse will urinate on a female mouse before mating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A female mouse has an abortion within the first days of her pregnancy if she comes in close contact with male urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CO2 inhalation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experiments on animals for tobacco research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use a needle holder with a thick tip for thick needles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ACP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tubular secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The premolars and molars of a rabbit grow constantly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A linear approach is used to avoid underestimating the risk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 3Rs stand for Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement.</p> <ul> <li>Replacement means using alternatives to animals, such as in vitro methods, computer modeling, or human tissue cultures, whenever possible.</li> <li>Reduction involves using fewer animals or obtaining more information from the same number of animals. This could involve refining experimental design or using more sensitive and precise measurement techniques.</li> <li>Refinement aims to minimize pain and distress for animals. This can involve using better anesthetic techniques, providing more enriching environments, or ensuring proper husbandry practices.</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four basic principles of anesthesia are: Induction, Maintenance, Analgesia, and Reversal.</p> <ul> <li>Induction is the process of initiating anesthesia, usually by administering a drug intravenously or inhaling a gas. Examples of induction agents include propofol and isoflurane.</li> <li>Maintenance involves keeping the animal at a constant level of anesthesia throughout the procedure. This can be achieved by continuous administration of a drug. An example is isoflurane for inhalation anesthesia.</li> <li>Analgesia aims to relieve pain, which is often a component of anesthesia. Opioids such as morphine or fentanyl could be given for analgesia.</li> <li>Reversal is the process of reversing anesthesia, allowing the animal to wake up quickly and safely. Reversal agents are given to counteract the effects of the induction agent, such as Atipamezole for the reversal of dexmedetomidine.</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is important for small laboratory animals to awaken quickly from anesthesia because prolonged anesthesia can lead to several complications, including hypothermia, respiratory issues, and muscle weakness. Quick recovery minimizes the risk of these problems and allows the animal to resume normal activity sooner, ensuring their well-being and the success of the experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incubation period is the time between exposure to a pathogen and the onset of clinical symptoms. A facultative pathogen is a microorganism that typically does not cause disease, but can cause illness in a weakened host or under certain conditions. A subclinical carrier is an individual who harbors a pathogen without exhibiting symptoms but can still transmit the infection to others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acepromazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scintigraphy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MRI provides detailed information about soft tissue structures, while CT is more effective for bone imaging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MRI and CT provide more detailed images, as opposed to a flat 2D image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The linear model is more conservative, and it is used to avoid underestimating the potential risk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rabbits have a dental formula of 2I 1/1, 3P 2/1 3M 3/3 and a total of 28 teeth. Their incisors and molars grow continuously, while premolars are diphyodont, meaning they are replaced once. Rats have a dental formula of 1I 1/1, 0P 0/0 3M 3/3 and a total of 16 teeth. Their incisors grow continuously. Molars are brachyodont, meaning they stop growing once they reach their full size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological pain is felt in proportion to the intensity of the stimulus, while pathological pain is often disproportionate to the stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phases of anesthesia are: premedication, induction, maintenance, and recovery.</p> <ul> <li>Premedication involves administering drugs to prepare the animal for anesthesia, reduce stress, and minimize side effects.</li> <li>Induction refers to the process of initiating anesthesia, usually by administering a drug intravenously or inhaling a gas.</li> <li>Maintenance involves keeping the animal at a constant level of anesthesia throughout the procedure. This can be achieved by continuous administration of a drug.</li> <li>Recovery is the process of the animal regaining wakefulness after the effects of anesthesia have worn off.</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers