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Questions and Answers
Which of the following components is NOT part of the blood's composition?
Which of the following components is NOT part of the blood's composition?
What is the primary function of erythrocytes in blood?
What is the primary function of erythrocytes in blood?
Which type of blood cell plays a significant role in immunity?
Which type of blood cell plays a significant role in immunity?
What process is responsible for the formation of new erythrocytes?
What process is responsible for the formation of new erythrocytes?
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What is indicated by a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)?
What is indicated by a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)?
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What is the primary component of plasma in blood?
What is the primary component of plasma in blood?
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Which type of blood cell is primarily responsible for oxygen transport?
Which type of blood cell is primarily responsible for oxygen transport?
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What is the shape of a mature erythrocyte?
What is the shape of a mature erythrocyte?
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How many erythrocytes are produced every second to replace those removed from circulation?
How many erythrocytes are produced every second to replace those removed from circulation?
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What percentage of blood volume do erythrocytes approximately comprise?
What percentage of blood volume do erythrocytes approximately comprise?
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Where are mature erythrocytes produced in the body?
Where are mature erythrocytes produced in the body?
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What happens to erythrocytes after their lifespan of 120 days?
What happens to erythrocytes after their lifespan of 120 days?
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Which component is NOT found in mature erythrocytes?
Which component is NOT found in mature erythrocytes?
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What is the role of the cardiovascular system in relation to cell metabolism?
What is the role of the cardiovascular system in relation to cell metabolism?
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Which statement about blood is correct?
Which statement about blood is correct?
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What is indicated by the capillary blood supply to an organ?
What is indicated by the capillary blood supply to an organ?
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What are the formed elements of blood?
What are the formed elements of blood?
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How is the amount of blood in an animal's body expressed?
How is the amount of blood in an animal's body expressed?
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What distinguishes blood as a connective tissue?
What distinguishes blood as a connective tissue?
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What enables the blood to return to the heart after delivering nutrients?
What enables the blood to return to the heart after delivering nutrients?
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What happens to innermost cells without a distribution system?
What happens to innermost cells without a distribution system?
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What is the primary function of platelets in the blood?
What is the primary function of platelets in the blood?
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What is the life span of platelets before they are removed from circulation?
What is the life span of platelets before they are removed from circulation?
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What component is NOT typically found in the granules of platelets?
What component is NOT typically found in the granules of platelets?
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Which of the following statements about platelets is FALSE?
Which of the following statements about platelets is FALSE?
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How do platelets remain inactive in the bloodstream?
How do platelets remain inactive in the bloodstream?
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What is a significant challenge in treating hemophiliacs?
What is a significant challenge in treating hemophiliacs?
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Which types of plasma proteins constitute the largest percentage of plasma composition?
Which types of plasma proteins constitute the largest percentage of plasma composition?
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What is the primary role of globulins in plasma?
What is the primary role of globulins in plasma?
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What is the primary role of white blood cells in the body?
What is the primary role of white blood cells in the body?
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Which type of leucocyte is classified as a granulocyte?
Which type of leucocyte is classified as a granulocyte?
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Which of the following statements about leucocytes is true?
Which of the following statements about leucocytes is true?
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What function do macrophages serve in relation to leucocytes?
What function do macrophages serve in relation to leucocytes?
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How do neutrophils enter tissue fluid from the bloodstream?
How do neutrophils enter tissue fluid from the bloodstream?
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Which type of lymphocyte is responsible for producing antibodies?
Which type of lymphocyte is responsible for producing antibodies?
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Which white blood cells are referred to as phagocytes?
Which white blood cells are referred to as phagocytes?
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What percentage of blood volume do white blood cells represent?
What percentage of blood volume do white blood cells represent?
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What is a key difference between plasma and serum?
What is a key difference between plasma and serum?
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Which anticoagulant is derived from biological sources?
Which anticoagulant is derived from biological sources?
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What is the primary mechanism by which EDTA functions as an anticoagulant?
What is the primary mechanism by which EDTA functions as an anticoagulant?
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Which statement accurately describes the use of anticoagulants in medical equipment?
Which statement accurately describes the use of anticoagulants in medical equipment?
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Which of the following is NOT true about heparin?
Which of the following is NOT true about heparin?
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What is the primary role of anticoagulants in treating thrombotic disorders?
What is the primary role of anticoagulants in treating thrombotic disorders?
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Which anticoagulant is commonly associated with a mauve or purple cap on vacuum tubes?
Which anticoagulant is commonly associated with a mauve or purple cap on vacuum tubes?
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Which anticoagulant is NOT typically used to prevent blood clotting during tests?
Which anticoagulant is NOT typically used to prevent blood clotting during tests?
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Study Notes
Veterinary Physiology - Blood
- Blood is a fluid connective tissue
- It's important for the circulatory system
- Anatomically and functionally, it's a connective tissue
- Blood volume is expressed as a percentage of body weight
Blood Composition
- Composed of liquid plasma and formed elements
- Erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs)
- Leucocytes (white blood cells, WBCs)
- Thrombocytes (platelets)
- Plasma is straw-colored, ~55% of blood volume, mostly water, and contains:
- Proteins (albumin, globulins, fibrinogen)
- Electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, HCO3−, etc.)
- Organic substances (glucose, fats, amino acids, hormones)
- Formed elements make up ~45% of blood volume
Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)
- Flattened, biconcave cells (~7 µm diameter)
- Contain hemoglobin (Hb) to carry oxygen
- Abundant (4-9 million/cu mm)
- Produced continuously in red bone marrow
- ~120-day lifespan
- Recycled in the liver and spleen
Leucocytes (White Blood Cells)
- Larger than erythrocytes, have nuclei, and lack hemoglobin
- Crucial for immunity, defend against infection
- Types include neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.
- Move through capillaries to combat infection
- Some live for months, others just hours or days
- Originate from stem cells in bone marrow
- Make up less than 1% of total blood volume
Thrombocytes (Platelets)
- Small, fragment-like cells (2-4 µm diameter)
- Formed by fragmentation of megakaryocytes
- Crucial in blood clotting
- ~150,000-400,000/mm³
- 5-9 day lifespan
- Removed by liver and spleen
Blood Plasma vs Serum
- Plasma: liquid component of blood containing formed elements
- Serum: plasma without clotting factors.
Anticoagulants
- Substances preventing blood clotting.
- Heparin
- EDTA
- Sodium citrate
- Coumarin drugs
- Recombinant TPA
Haematocrit
- Percentage of formed elements (usually erythrocytes, in whole blood)
- Normal values vary depending on species, age, gender, and testing method, approximately ranges 45%.
- It helps assess anemia, polycythemia, and dehydration
Blood Volume
- Typically 6%-8% of lean body weight.
- Influenced by age, size, activity level, health, and gestation.
Blood Physical Characteristics
- Color (scarlet to dark red based on Oxygen concentration)
- Taste (metallic)
- Odor (metallic)
- Temperature (38°C)
- Viscosity (5x water)
- Specific Gravity (1.046 - 1.052)
- pH (7.35-7.45)
- Osmotic Pressure (relatively constant)
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Description
Explore the essential aspects of blood in veterinary physiology, including its composition, functions, and the types of cells involved. This quiz covers vital information about blood as a connective tissue and the roles of erythrocytes, leucocytes, and thrombocytes. Test your knowledge on blood volume and its significance in the circulatory system.
