Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 10: Blood

Questions and Answers

In terms of its tissue classification, blood is classified as _____ because it has living blood cells called _ suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called _______.

connective tissue, formed elements, plasma

The 'fibers' of blood only become visible during _______.

clotting

If a blood sample is centrifuged... Most of this compacted cell mass is composed of _, and the volume of blood accounted for by these cells is referred to as the ______.

erythrocytes, hematocrit

The less dense ________ rises to the top and constitutes about 45% of the blood volume.

plasma Signup and view all the answers

The so-called 'Buffy coat', composed of __ and _, is found at the junction between the other two blood elements.

leukocytes, platelets Signup and view all the answers

The Buffy coat accounts for less than ______ % of blood volume.

one Signup and view all the answers

Blood is scarlet red in color when it is loaded with _____; otherwise, it tends to be dark red.

oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Most numerous leukocyte?

Neutrophil Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are granular leukocytes?

Eosinophil Signup and view all the answers

Which blood cell is also called an erythrocyte?

Red blood cell Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following increases during parasite attacks?

Eosinophil Signup and view all the answers

White blood cells (WBCs) move into and out of blood vessels by the process of 'positive chemotaxis'.

False Signup and view all the answers

An abnormal decrease in the number of WBCs is 'leukopenia'.

True Signup and view all the answers

When blood becomes too acidic or too basic, both the respiratory system and the 'liver' may be called into action to restore it to its normal pH range.

False Signup and view all the answers

The normal pH range of blood is '7.00' to 7.45.

False Signup and view all the answers

The only WBC type to arise from lymphoid stem cells is the 'lymphocyte'.

True Signup and view all the answers

What starts the clotting process?

A break in a blood vessel wall Signup and view all the answers

The plasma components that form the fibrous skeleton of a clot consists of?

Fibrinogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal pH of blood?

7.4 Signup and view all the answers

Define the term 'transfusion reaction'.

A reaction during which plasma antibodies attach to and lyse red blood cells different from your own. Signup and view all the answers

A fetus has a special type of hemoglobin, hemoglobin __________, that has a particular affinity for oxygen.

F Signup and view all the answers

When the immature infant liver cannot keep pace with the demands to rid the body of hemoglobin breakdown products, the infant's tissues become yellowed, or __________.

jaundiced Signup and view all the answers

An anemia in which RBCs become sharp and 'logjam' in the blood vessels under conditions of low-oxygen tension in the blood is _______ anemia.

sickle-cell Signup and view all the answers

Bleeder's disease, or ________, is a result of a deficiency of certain clotting factors.

Hemophilia Signup and view all the answers

Women are particularly prone to ______ - deficiency anemia because of their monthly menses.

Iron Signup and view all the answers

A decreased efficiency of the gastric mucosa makes elderly individuals particularly susceptible to ___ anemia as a result of a lack of intrinsic factor which is necessary for vitamin _ absorption.

Pernicious, B12 Signup and view all the answers

An important problem in aged individuals is their tendency to form undesirable clots, or _________.

Thrombi Signup and view all the answers

At the Clinic: What is this condition, a result of Rh incompatibility, called?

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) Signup and view all the answers

At the Clinic: Why is the baby cyanotic?

It is anemic because the mother's antibodies are killing off the baby's RBCs. Signup and view all the answers

At the Clinic: What measures should be taken to prevent the previously described situation from happening in a second pregnancy with an Rh-positive baby?

Treatment with RhoGAM Signup and view all the answers

At the Clinic: Could he be the father of her child? If not, what blood type would the father be expected to have?

No, A positive Signup and view all the answers

At the Clinic: Mrs. Graves has just donated a pint of blood. Which of the formed elements will be produced in the greatest quantities?

Red blood cells (erythrocytes) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are true concerning erythrocytes?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

A serious bacterial infection leads to more of these cells in the blood?

Neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

Sickling of RBCs can be induced in those with sickle-cell anemia by?

Vigorous exercise Signup and view all the answers

A child is diagnosed with sickle-cell anemia. This means that?

Both parents carry the sickle cell gene Signup and view all the answers

Which would lead to increased erythropoiesis?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does not characterize leukocytes?

Cells found in largest numbers in the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

The blood cell that can attack a specific antigen is a(n)?

Lymphocyte Signup and view all the answers

The leukocyte that releases histamine and other inflammatory chemicals is the?

Basophil Signup and view all the answers

Leukocytes share all of the following features except?

Anaerobic respiration Signup and view all the answers

In leukemia?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

A condition resulting from thrombocytopenia?

Petechiae Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can cause problems in a transfusion reaction?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

If an Rh- mother becomes pregnant, when can hemolytic disease of the newborn NOT POSSIBLY occur in the child?

If the child is Rh- Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a thrombus and an embolus?

A thrombus must travel to become an embolus Signup and view all the answers

The normal RBC count is?

4.5-5.5 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blood Overview

Blood is classified as connective tissue, consisting of formed elements (living blood cells) suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix (plasma).
Hematocrit refers to the volume percentage of red blood cells in blood.

Blood Composition

Blood is composed of erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets.
Plasma constitutes about 45% of blood volume and is primarily water; it serves as the fluid matrix.

Components of Blood

The "Buffy coat" is the layer containing leukocytes and platelets found between plasma and erythrocytes.
Erythrocytes are annucleate and contain hemoglobin, allowing them to carry oxygen.

Types of Blood Cells

Neutrophils are the most numerous leukocytes and play a key role in phagocytosis.
Eosinophils increase during parasite attacks, while basophils release histamines during allergic reactions.
Monocytes are phagocytic leukocytes that increase in number during infections.

Blood Conditions

Anemia results from a decreased number of erythrocytes or hemoglobin, leading to symptoms such as fatigue and weakness.
Hemophilia is a condition characterized by abnormal blood coagulation due to deficiencies in clotting factors.
Leukemia is cancer of the blood affecting the production and function of white blood cells.

Blood pH and Volume

Normal blood pH ranges from 7.35 to 7.45; deviations can lead to acidosis or alkalosis.
The average adult has approximately 4 to 6 liters of blood, with variations based on size and sex.

Blood Clotting Process

Clotting initiates when a break occurs in a blood vessel.
Platelets adhere to the site of injury and release serotonin, which helps constrict blood vessels.
Thromboplastin released from damaged cells interacts with prothrombin and other factors to form thrombin, which converts fibrinogen to fibrin for clot formation.

Blood Types

Type O is the universal donor, while type AB is the universal recipient, as they do not have antibodies against A or B antigens.
A transfusion reaction can occur when mismatched blood types are mixed, leading to the lysis of red blood cells.

Disease Prevention and Treatment

Treatments for conditions like hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) due to Rh incompatibility include administering RhoGAM to prevent antibody formation in Rh-negative mothers.
Regular monitoring and management of anemia, leukemia, and hemophilia can significantly improve quality of life.

Erythrocyte Facts

Erythrocytes rely on anaerobic respiration for energy production, and their unique biconcave shape increases surface area for gas exchange.
Increased erythropoiesis can occur in response to blood loss or low oxygen levels, as the body compensates for decreased oxygen transport capacity.

Leukocyte Functionality

White blood cells are critical for immune response; neutrophils respond to bacterial infections, while lymphocytes target specific antigens.
The blood cell count and functionality can provide insights into health status and potential infections.

General Considerations

Identification of anemic conditions and routine exams help maintain overall health and adequate blood function.
Education on the differences between thrombus and embolus is essential in understanding blood circulation complications.

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Test your knowledge of blood as a connective tissue in this flashcard quiz. Explore key terms related to blood components such as erythrocytes, plasma, and clotting. Perfect for students studying Anatomy and Physiology.

Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 10: Blood

Questions and Answers

In terms of its tissue classification, blood is classified as _________ because it has living blood cells called _______ suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called _________.

The 'fibers' of blood only become visible during _______.

If a blood sample is centrifuged... Most of this compacted cell mass is composed of _____, and the volume of blood accounted for by these cells is referred to as the __________.

The less dense ________ rises to the top and constitutes about 45% of the blood volume.

The so-called 'Buffy coat', composed of ______ and _____, is found at the junction between the other two blood elements.

The Buffy coat accounts for less than ______ % of blood volume.

Blood is scarlet red in color when it is loaded with _____; otherwise, it tends to be dark red.

Most numerous leukocyte?

Which of the following are granular leukocytes?

Which blood cell is also called an erythrocyte?

Which of the following increases during parasite attacks?

White blood cells (WBCs) move into and out of blood vessels by the process of 'positive chemotaxis'.

An abnormal decrease in the number of WBCs is 'leukopenia'.

When blood becomes too acidic or too basic, both the respiratory system and the 'liver' may be called into action to restore it to its normal pH range.

The normal pH range of blood is '7.00' to 7.45.

The only WBC type to arise from lymphoid stem cells is the 'lymphocyte'.

What starts the clotting process?

The plasma components that form the fibrous skeleton of a clot consists of?

What is the normal pH of blood?

Define the term 'transfusion reaction'.

A fetus has a special type of hemoglobin, hemoglobin __________, that has a particular affinity for oxygen.

When the immature infant liver cannot keep pace with the demands to rid the body of hemoglobin breakdown products, the infant's tissues become yellowed, or __________.

An anemia in which RBCs become sharp and 'logjam' in the blood vessels under conditions of low-oxygen tension in the blood is _______ anemia.

Bleeder's disease, or ________, is a result of a deficiency of certain clotting factors.

Women are particularly prone to ______ - deficiency anemia because of their monthly menses.

A decreased efficiency of the gastric mucosa makes elderly individuals particularly susceptible to ___________ anemia as a result of a lack of intrinsic factor which is necessary for vitamin _________ absorption.

An important problem in aged individuals is their tendency to form undesirable clots, or _________.

At the Clinic: What is this condition, a result of Rh incompatibility, called?

At the Clinic: Why is the baby cyanotic?

At the Clinic: What measures should be taken to prevent the previously described situation from happening in a second pregnancy with an Rh-positive baby?

At the Clinic: Could he be the father of her child? If not, what blood type would the father be expected to have?

At the Clinic: Mrs. Graves has just donated a pint of blood. Which of the formed elements will be produced in the greatest quantities?

Which of the following are true concerning erythrocytes?

A serious bacterial infection leads to more of these cells in the blood?

Sickling of RBCs can be induced in those with sickle-cell anemia by?

A child is diagnosed with sickle-cell anemia. This means that?

Which would lead to increased erythropoiesis?

Which of the following does not characterize leukocytes?

The blood cell that can attack a specific antigen is a(n)?

The leukocyte that releases histamine and other inflammatory chemicals is the?

Leukocytes share all of the following features except?

In leukemia?

A condition resulting from thrombocytopenia?

Which of the following can cause problems in a transfusion reaction?

If an Rh- mother becomes pregnant, when can hemolytic disease of the newborn NOT POSSIBLY occur in the child?

What is the difference between a thrombus and an embolus?

The normal RBC count is?

Study Notes

Blood Overview

Blood Composition

Components of Blood

Types of Blood Cells

Blood Conditions

Blood pH and Volume

Blood Clotting Process

Blood Types

Disease Prevention and Treatment

Erythrocyte Facts

Leukocyte Functionality

General Considerations

Studying That Suits You

Description

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In terms of its tissue classification, blood is classified as _____ because it has living blood cells called _ suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called _______.

If a blood sample is centrifuged... Most of this compacted cell mass is composed of _, and the volume of blood accounted for by these cells is referred to as the ______.

The so-called 'Buffy coat', composed of __ and _, is found at the junction between the other two blood elements.

A decreased efficiency of the gastric mucosa makes elderly individuals particularly susceptible to ___ anemia as a result of a lack of intrinsic factor which is necessary for vitamin _ absorption.