Ventilation and Aerobic Energy Production

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Which of the following factors affect minute ventilation (VE)?

Neural drive and pH

Neural drive and body temperature (correct)

CO2 and O2 levels in blood

pH and CO2 levels in blood

What is the function of peripheral chemoreceptors?

Detect hypoxia and hypercapnia (correct)

Detect changes in blood CO2 levels

Detect changes in blood O2 levels

Detect changes in blood pH

Where are the central chemoreceptors located?

Aortic arch

Brain (correct)

Pons

Medulla

What is the formula for calculating alveolar ventilation (VA)?

VA = (VT - VD) * frequency Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal blood pH at rest?

~7.4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the Bohr effect on oxygen binding to hemoglobin?

Decreases affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of H+ in the bicarbonate buffering system?

Lactic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of hyperpnea?

Increase minute ventilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary form of CO2 transport in the blood?

Bicarbonate Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the a-vO2 (arterial-venous oxygen) difference during exercise?

Increases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the definition of respiration?

The intake of oxygen and release of CO2 from oxidation of complex organic substances. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of ventilation?

The exchange of air. Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for minute ventilation?

VE = frequency * tidal volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of hyperpnea?

Increased depth and rate of breathing. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'ventilatory drift' and its function?

A rise in ventilation after a period of exercise, it makes breathing inefficient and breathes unnecessary air. Signup and view all the answers

What is the measure of gas exchange efficiency called?

VD/VT ratio Signup and view all the answers

What is the VD/VT ratio at rest?

0.33 Signup and view all the answers

What is the VD/VT ratio during exercise?

0.075 Signup and view all the answers

What factors can affect ventilation during exercise?

Work rate, fitness level, and RBCs amount Signup and view all the answers

Why don't we take a big breath every time?

Fatigue and time Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about ventilation?

Ventilation has break points where it increases faster Signup and view all the answers

What does an increase in tidal volume cause?

Increase in A-a PO2 difference Signup and view all the answers

What happens to minute ventilation as frequency increases?

Minute ventilation increases Signup and view all the answers

At what intensity of maximum exercise does the gradient for oxygen into the blood increase?

80% Signup and view all the answers

What happens to venous blood saturation as workload increases?

Venous blood saturation decreases Signup and view all the answers

What happens to arterial CO2 levels at higher intensity exercise?

Arterial CO2 levels decrease Signup and view all the answers

What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level?

760 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH)?

Condition when arterial blood carries less O2 than usual Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a severe level of exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH)?

SaO2 reduced by 4% Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the oxygen levels in the blood during incremental exercise?

Oxygen levels plateau around 50% Signup and view all the answers