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Questions and Answers

The ulnar nerve passes through which location in the elbow region?

  • Posterior lateral sulcus
  • Anterior lateral sulcus
  • Posterior medial sulcus (correct)
  • Anterior medial sulcus

What structures pass through the anterior foramen of the adductor canal?

  • Descending genicular artery
  • Femoral artery
  • Saphenous nerve and descending genicular artery (correct)
  • Hypodermic nerve

At the level of the triangle subpectoralis, which arteries branch off from the axillary artery?

  • Subscapular artery, anterior humeral circumflex artery, and posterior humeral circumflex artery (correct)
  • Anterior humeral circumflex artery, posterior humeral circumflex artery, and highest thoracic artery
  • Lateral thoracic artery and subscapular artery
  • Thoracoacromial artery and subscapular artery

Between which two muscles is the musculocutaneous nerve located?

<p>Biceps brachii and brachialis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the lower leg, where are the tibial artery and the deep branch of the common peroneal nerve located?

<p>Between the flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'reamputation' signify?

<p>Repeated excision of a stump (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structures pass through the adductor canal?

<p>Femoral artery, femoral vein, and saphenous nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscles are located in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

<p>Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of muscles comprises the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

<p>Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anterior to the elbow, which structure is superficial to the bicipital aponeurosis?

<p>Median cubital vein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure forms the boundary of the superficial ring of the femoral canal?

<p>Falciform margin of the fascia lata (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a three-stage amputation, what anatomical structures are dissected in the second stage?

<p>Both fascias to the bone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the lower third of the arm, where is the radial nerve located relative to the surrounding muscles?

<p>Between the lateral head of the triceps muscle and brachialis muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures correctly lists the primary contents of the femoral triangle (Scarpa's triangle)?

<p>Femoral artery, femoral vein, and femoral nerve. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the boundaries that define the femoral triangle (Scarpa's triangle)?

<p>Inguinal ligament, sartorius muscle, and adductor longus muscle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assessing a patient for amputation suitability, which factor related to the stump is MOST important?

<p>The desired length and overall form of the stump. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical techniques are used when processing a bone during an amputation?

<p>Aperiosteal and subperiosteal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a valid indication for performing a re-amputation?

<p>An unsuitable stump (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The radial nerve originates from which cord of the brachial plexus?

<p>The posterior cord. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the arrangement of structures within the popliteal fossa, which of the following describes the relative position of the popliteal artery?

<p>Anterior to the popliteal vein and medial. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the characteristics of a condition involving fragmentation of bones with rupture of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves?

<p>Fragmentation of bones with rupture of muscles, blood vessels and nerves. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which set of muscles primarily defines the borders of the popliteal fossa?

<p>Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gastrocnemius, biceps femoris (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurovascular structure is located in the anterior compartment of the leg?

<p>Tibial anterior artery, common peroneal nerve’s deep branch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sulci (grooves) are located in the forearm and serve as important anatomical landmarks?

<p>Ulnar and radial, median (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the lower third of the arm, what is the positional relationship of the median nerve to the brachial artery?

<p>In front (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle primarily bounds the omotrapezius triangle (occipital) anteriorly?

<p>Sternocleidomastoid muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which combination accurately lists branches originating from the cervical plexus?

<p>Lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical, and supraclavicular nerves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are contained within the interscalene space?

<p>Subclavian artery and brachial plexus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure forms the inferior border of the supraclavicular triangle?

<p>Clavicle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Through which anatomical region is the lingual artery typically accessed?

<p>Pirogov's triangle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a tracheostomy, which set of surgical instruments is MOST essential?

<p>One-toothed hook, dissector, tracheostomy tube (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the third part of the subclavian artery located?

<p>In the supraclavicular triangle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hypoglossal nerve forms the superior border of which triangle in the neck?

<p>Hypoglossal nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of triangles is located in the suprahyoid region of the neck?

<p>Submental and submandibular triangles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle forms the anterior boundary of the interscalene space?

<p>Anterior scalene muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sternocleidomastoid muscle forms which boundary of the lateral cervical triangle (posterior triangle)?

<p>Posterior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is located medially within the carotid triangle?

<p>Common carotid artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what level of the tracheal rings is the isthmus of the thyroid gland typically located?

<p>Over the second and third tracheal rings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mylohyoid muscle forms which border of the submandibular triangle?

<p>Mylohyoid muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure forms the anterior border of the submandibular triangle?

<p>Anterior bellies of the digastric muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The femoral artery gives rise to which set of superficial arteries?

<p>Superficial epigastric artery, superficial circumflex iliac artery, and external pudendal artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what location does the sciatic nerve typically divide into the tibial and common peroneal nerves?

<p>Above the popliteal fossa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the projection of the femoral artery described on the skin surface?

<p>From a point between the external and middle third of the inguinal ligament to the medial epicondyle of the tibia bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is most appropriate for cutting a nerve during a surgical procedure?

<p>A scalpel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a standard three-stage amputation, what tissues are dissected in the first stage?

<p>Skin, hypodermic tissue, hypodermic fascia, and deep fascia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the projection line of the brachial artery best specified?

<p>From the top of the axillary fossa along the medial bicipital sulcus to the midpoint between the medial epicondyle and bicipital tendon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure forms the lateral border of the quadrangular space (also known as the quadrilateral space)?

<p>Surgical neck of the humerus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which set of muscles is commonly associated with adduction of the thigh?

<p>Gracilis, adductor longus, adductor magnus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Median cubital vein

Lies superficial to the bicipital aponeurosis at the front of the elbow.

Superficial ring of femoral canal

Formed by the falciform margin of the fascia lata.

Anterior foramen of adductor canal

Saphenous nerve and descending genicular artery.

Indication of Reamputation

Sepsis or an unsuitable stump.

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Adductor canal location

Located in the lower third of the thigh on the front medial surface.

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Anterior & medial to femoral nerve in popliteal fossa

Popliteal artery.

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Medial sural nerve origin

From tibial nerve.

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Exarticulation definition

Amputation of extremity at the level of a joint.

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Posterior Thigh Muscles

Thigh muscles located in the posterior compartment: semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris.

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Ulnar Nerve Location (Elbow)

In the elbow region, the ulnar nerve passes through the posterior medial sulcus.

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Optimal Amputation Timing

Amputation should be performed in a timely fashion, as early as possible.

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Adductor Canal Exit

The saphenous nerve and descending genicular artery exit through the anterior foramen of the adductor canal.

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Triangle Subpectoralis Arteries

From the axillary artery at the level of the triangle subpectoralis, the thoracoacromial and subscapular arteries branch.

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Musculocutaneous Nerve Location

The musculocutaneous nerve is located between the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles.

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Lower Leg Artery and Nerve

The tibial artery and deep branch of the common peroneal nerve are located between flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus in the leg.

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Reamputation Definition

"Reamputation" refers to a repeated excision of a stump.

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Structures passing through greater sciatic foramen

Internal pudendal artery, pudendal nerve, inferior gluteal artery and nerve, sciatic nerve.

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Femoral triangle (Scarpa's triangle) borders

Inguinal ligament, sartorius muscle, and adductor longus muscle.

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Stump suitability definition

The general condition, length, and form of the stump.

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Radial nerve origin

Posterior cord.

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Neurovascular structures of axillary fossa

Axillary artery, axillary vein, and brachial plexus.

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Omotrapezius triangle (occipital) anterior border

Bounded anteriorly by the omohyoid muscle.

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Branches of the Cervical Plexus

Lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical, and supraclavicular nerves.

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Contents of Interscalenus Space

Subclavian artery and brachial plexus.

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Inferior Boundary of Supraclavicular Triangle

Clavicle.

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Access point of Lingual Artery

Submandibular triangle or Pirogov's triangle.

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Main Instruments for Tracheostomy

Kocher's clamp, surgical forceps, one-toothed hook, dissector, tracheostomial tube, scalpel.

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Location of the Third Part of Subclavian Artery

In the supraclavicular triangle.

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Superior border of Pirogov's triangle

Hypoglossal nerve.

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Location of Suprahyoid Region

Submental and submandibular triangles.

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Anterior boundary of interscalenus space

Anterior scalenus muscle.

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Anterior boundary of lateral triangle

Sternocleidomastoideus muscle.

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Medial structure in carotid triangle

Common carotid artery

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Location of isthmus of thyroid gland

Over the second and third tracheal rings.

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Internal boundary of submandibular triangle

Mylohyoid muscle.

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Anterior Boundary of Submandibular Triangle

Anterior bellies of digastric muscles.

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Fragmentation of bones

Severe bone injury with broken fragments and damage to surrounding tissues.

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Popliteal Fossa Muscles

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gastrocnemius, and biceps femoris muscles.

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Anterior Leg Compartment

Tibial anterior artery and the deep branch of the common peroneal nerve.

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Forearm Sulcus

Ulnar, radial, and median.

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Lacuna Musculorum Contents

Iliopsoas muscle and femoral nerve.

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Muscles Adducting Thigh

Adductor longus, pectineus, and biceps femoris.

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Femoral Artery Branches

A superficial epigastric artery, a superficial circumflex iliac artery, and an external pudendal artery.

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Sciatic Nerve Separation

Below the popliteal fossa.

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Femoral Artery Projection

From a point between an external and average third of the inguinal ligament to the medial epicondyle of the tibia bone.

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Instrument for Nerve Cutting

A scalpel.

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Amputation First Incision

A skin, a hypodermic tissue, a hypodermic fascia, and deep fascia.

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Brachial Artery Projection

From the top of the axillary fossa along the medial bicipital sulcus to the midpoint between the medial epicondyle and bicipital tendon.

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Quadriangular Foramen Lateral Wall

A long head of the triceps muscle.

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Study Notes

Test 1

  • The omotrapezius triangle is bounded anteriorly by the omohyoid muscle.

Test 2

  • Branches of the cervical plexus are the supraclavicular, medial, and lateral nerves.
  • Other branches include great occipital and mental nerves.
  • Transverse cervical and lateral sterna nerves are also branches.
  • Lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical, and supraclavicular nerves are included as well.

Test 3

  • The interscalenus space includes the subclavian artery and brachial plexus.

Test 4

  • The supraclavicular triangle is bounded inferiorly by the clavicle.

Test 5

  • The lingual artery is accessed in the submandibular triangle.

Test 6

  • Main surgical instruments for tracheostomy include Kocher's clamp, surgical forceps, and a one-toothed hook.
  • Another set of instruments includes a one-toothed hook, dissector, and scalpel.
  • A one-toothed hook, dissector, and tracheostomial tube are also used.
  • Jeel's saw, dissector, and tracheostomial tube are additionally listed.

Test 7

  • The third part of the subclavian artery is located in the supraclavicular triangle.

Test 8

  • Pirogov's triangle is bounded superiorly by the lingual nerve.

Test 9

  • The suprahyoid region is located in the submandibular and carotid triangles.

Test 10

  • The interscalenus space is bounded anteriorly by the anterior scalenus muscle.

Test 11

  • The lateral triangle of the neck is bounded anteriorly by the omohyoid muscle.

Test 12

  • The common carotid artery is located medially in the carotid triangle.

Test 13

Isthmus of the thyroid gland location:

  • It is located over the second and third tracheal rings.

Test 14

  • The submandibular triangle is bounded internally by the mylohyoid muscle.

Test 15

  • The submandibular triangle is bounded anteriorly by the posterior bellies of the digastric muscles.

Test 16

  • The lateral triangle is bounded posteriorly by the trapezius muscle.

Test 17

  • Incisions for access to the neck organs are superficial, transverse, and combined.
  • Other types of incisions are deep, oblique, arch-like, combined arch-like, longitudinal, oblique, transverse, and combined.

Test 18

  • The lingual artery is a branch of the external carotid artery.

Test 19

  • The thyroid and parathyroid glands are supplied by the superior and inferior laryngeal nerves.
  • They are also supplied by recurrent laryngeal nerves and the sympathetic trunk.
  • Glossopharyngeal and additional nerves also contribute to the supply.
  • Additional glossopharyngeal nerves are named.

Test 20

  • Fascias of the neck is studied according to the Toidze scheme.
  • Other schemes include Demetradze scheme, Ioselianischeme and Shevkunenko scheme

Test 21

  • Incisions drawn on the head are longitudinal.

Test 22

  • Pterygopalatine portion of the maxillary artery supplies the posterior superior alveolar arteries

Test 23

  • The superior border of the temporal region is the superior temporal line.

Test 24

  • The parotid gland duct opens in the oral vestibule at the upper second molar tooth level.

Test 25

  • According to the Kronlein scheme, the inferior horizontal line passes between the inferior margin of the orbit and the mastoid process apex.

Test 26

  • The cavernous sinus is most frequently damaged from venous sinuses.

Test 27

  • The temporal bone consists of three layers.

Test 28

  • During frontopetal form of the head, most part of the head is located anteriorly to the line connecting the arch of the zygoma.

Test 29

  • The deep region of the face includes the pterygoid venous plexus and maxillary artery.

Test 30

  • Intensive blood flow during wounds of the soft tissue skull happens because trauma expels substances that cause bleeding.

Test 31

  • Spreading hematomas and purulent processes in the face region is facilitated by thick and dense subcutaneous tissue.

Test 32

  • The trunk of the mandibular nerve gives off meningeal and medial pterygoid nerves.

Test 33

  • The auriculotemporal nerve is a branch of the maxillary nerve.

Test 34

  • The proper (deep) fascia of the face is divided into parietal and visceral layers.

Test 35

  • The spreading area of a hematoma or pus under the pericranium of the frontoparietooccipital region goes along the whole area.

Test 36

  • The second connective tissue of the frontoparietooccipital region is located under the galea aponeurotica.

Test 37

  • The first connective tissue of the frontoparietooccipital region is located under the galeaaponeorotica located layer

Test 38

  • In anterior part of the face, branches of the facial nerves are located in the expression muscles.

Test 39

  • The skin of the frontoparietooccipital region is thin, movable, and hairless.

Test 40

  • The dura mater is supplied by the middle meningeal, vertebral and middle cerebral arteries.

Test 41

  • The serratus anterior forms the medial wall of the axilla.

Test 42

  • In the anterior medial sulcus the median nerve lies relative to the brachial artery in lower part of the arm.

Test 43

  • The medial edge of a semitendinous muscle follows the common peroneal nerve in a popliteal fossa.

Test 44

  • How creates the median nerve in an axillary fossa from lateral and medial cords of a brachial plexus.

Test 45

  • The semimembranous, semitendinous, and biceps femoris muscles are located in the posterior compartment of the thigh.

Test 46

  • In elbow region ulnar nerve passes in the anterior medial sulcus

Test 47

  • On term of performance and indication of amputation the term is timely, as much as possible timely and late

Test 48

  • Femoral artery passes from adductor canal's anterior foramen

Test 49

  • A subscapular artery, artery circumflexa humeri anterior and posterior are allocated from the axillary artery on the level of a triangle subpectoralis.

Test 50

  • The musculocutaneous nerve is located between the coracobrachialis and triceps muscle.

Test 51

  • The tibial artery and deep branch of the common peroneal nerve are located in the inferior space of the leg between the gastrocnemius muscle and a plantar muscle.

Test 52

  • Reamputation is a section of a stump done to approach a bone.

Test 53

  • Within the adductor canal passes the femoral artery, the femoral vein, and the saphenous nerve.

Test 54

  • The posterior deep fascial compartment of the leg contains the tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis muscles.

Test 55

  • The cephalic vein lies superficial to the bicipital aponeuroses at the front of the elbow

Test 56

  • The falciform margin of the fascia lata bounds the superficial ring of the femoral canal.

Test 57

  • During three moments amputation at the second moment a skin, a hypodermic fascia to a bone is dissected

Test 58

  • The radial nerve is located between the brachialis and brachioradialis in the lower third of the arm.

Test 59

  • The saphenous nerve and a descending genicular artery arises from the anterior foramen of the adductor canal.

Test 60

  • During amputation by a method of processing of bone, the method includes aperiostal and subperiosteal techniques.

Test 61

  • Indication of second amputation the reason is a sepsis

Test 62

  • The adductor canal is located in the upper third of the thigh on the medial surface.

Test 63

  • A popliteal arerty in front of the femoral nerve and medially is located

Test 64

  • The medial sural nerve separates from a tibial nerve.

Test 65

  • Exarticulation means amputation of the extremity at the level of the joint

Test 66

  • Muscular and vascular in what intervals are divided the space under inguinal ligament

Test 67

  • A tibial posterior artery and a tibial nerve passes in cruro popliteal canal

Test 68

  • For dressing of the main artery during amputation is required 2 ligatures

Test 69

  • Deltoid, scapular, axillary consist of Shoulder

Test 70

  • At level of the dissect and lifted up skin muscles are dissected during double-stage amputation during the second moment

Test 71

  • The skin, a hypodermic fatty tissue and a fascia is dissected at the first moment during double-stage amputation

Test 72

  • An axillary nerve at front of axillary artery

Test 73

  • Internal pudental artery,pudental nerve,inferior gluteus artery and nerve, sciatic nerve arises from the infra piriformi foramen.

Test 74

  • The sartorius muscle, inguinal ligament and adductor longus muscle limits the Femoral triangle (Scarps)

Test 75

  • The general condition of the patient defines Suitability for The stump

Test 76

  • The lateral cord of the brachial plexus is where a radial nerve is formed.

Test 77

  • at front and laterally is where The axillary vein is located to the artery

Test 78

  • popliteal artery In a popliteal fossa in front of a popliteal vein and also medially is located

Test 79

  • a subclavial artery, a subclavial vein and a brachial plexus Neurovascular structures of the axillary fossa are

Test 80

  • Bicebs, sartorius „semimembranous which muscles are located in THE posterior compartment of the thigh

Test 81

  • inferior epigastric artery, superficial circumflex iliac artery and external pudental artery From femoral arteriey arises superficial arteries

Test 82

  • Below the popliteal fossa Separation of a sciatic nerve into tibial and common peroneal nerves occurs

Test 83

  • from a point between an external and average third of inguinal ligament to a medial epicondyle tibia bones Femoral artery on a skin is projected

Test 84

  • A scalpel used for cutting nerve

Team 85

  • a skin, a hypodermic tissue, a hypodermic fascia and deep fascia During third-moments amputation at the first moment is dissected

Text 86

  • From the top of axillary fossa along the medial bicipital sulcus to the midpoint between the medial epicondyle and bicipital tendon Specify a projection line of a brachial artery

Test 87

  • a long head of the triceps muscle is forming a lateral wall of a quadriangular foramen

Test 88

  • traumatic fracture of an extremity Specify an absolute amputation of the extremity

Test 89

  • semitendinous, semimembranous, gastrocnemius, biceps femoris By which muscules are made a popliteal fossa

Test 90

  • a tibial anterior artery, common peroneal nerve's deep branch In anterior compartment of leg is located

Test 91

  • radial and median What sulcus are located in a forearm

Test 92

  • in front Location of a median nerve to the brachial artery in the lower third of arm

Test 93

  • femoral artery and a vein What is located in the lacuna musculorum:

Test 94

  • at level of the reduced and removed skin all muscles are repeatedly cut and the bone is sawn During three moments amputation by the third moment is dissected

Test 95

  • circumflex scapular artery In triangular foramen passes

Test 96

  • the nerve is cut by the razor, over 4-5 sm from the extremity of the cut bone In what the rule of processing of a nerve consists during amputation

Text 97

  • scissors, probes, holders Special instruments which are applied during amputation

Test 98

  • excision of a peripherial part of an extremity What means amputation

Test 99

  • laterally and behind How is the brachial plexus located in the pectoclavicular triangle to the axillary artery

Test 100

  • basilic vein In deltoid-pectoral sulcus passes

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