Varicella-Zoster and Shingles Infection Control

Varicella-Zoster and Shingles Infection Control

Varicella-zoster is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which also causes chickenpox and shingles. Both diseases involve skin rashes, with chickenpox being more severe and contagious, while shingles typically affects only one side of the body. Although most people recover from chickenpox without complications, they can develop postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) if infected later in life. Healthcare providers must understand varicella-zoster infection control measures to prevent spread and complications to vulnerable individuals.

Varicella-Zoster Isolation Protocols

Infected patients should be isolated until vesicles are crusted over or dried up to reduce secondary bacterial infections and the risk of disease transmission. Patients should wear masks during any contact with non-immune visitors or exposed personnel. Staff members who have been exposed to VZV should be placed under observation for 21 days after exposure.

Transmission of Varicella-Zoster

Primary transmission occurs through direct respiratory droplet and close physical contact with active cases, communities with low vaccination coverage, and immunosuppressed populations susceptible to VZV infection. Secondary transmission happens when shedding occurs via vesicular fluid, desquamating lesions, and fomites such as clothing or linens touched by the patient.

Treatment for Shingles

Shingles treatments aim to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications, including antiviral medications and pain management techniques. Antiviral drugs should start within 96 hours of illness outbreak to maximize their effectiveness. Pain relief methods may consist of topical creams, oral analgesics, and nerve blocks, depending on severity.