Variant Angina and Antianginal Drugs Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What triggers muscle contraction by binding to actin to form a cross-bridge?

  • Myosin (correct)
  • Actin
  • MLC phosphatase
  • Ca2+
  • What is the approximate percentage of total cardiac output supplied by the left and right coronary arteries?

  • 15%
  • 5% (correct)
  • 20%
  • 11%
  • How is the balance between oxygen supply and demand in a normal heart affected during exercise?

  • O2 supply increases, O2 demand decreases
  • O2 supply and demand both decrease
  • O2 supply and demand both increase (correct)
  • O2 supply decreases, O2 demand increases
  • Which condition results from a complete block in a coronary artery?

    <p>Myocardial Infarction (MI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Unstable Angina compared to Stable Angina?

    <p>Platelet aggregation + thrombus formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Ischemic Heart Disease, what leads to the occurrence of Angina Pectoris?

    <p>Partial blockage in a coronary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of action of nitroglycerin?

    <p>3-5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formulation of nitroglycerin is most suitable for long-term prophylaxis of anginal attacks?

    <p>Oral formulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the translingual spray formulation of nitroglycerin bypass liver inactivation?

    <p>By directly entering the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is effectively treated with intravenous (IV) nitroglycerin?

    <p>Heart attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the sublingual formulation of nitroglycerin preferred for terminating an ongoing anginal attack?

    <p>It rapidly absorbs and bypasses liver metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of therapies for variant angina (Prinzmetal's angina)?

    <p>To restore the balance of vasodilators and nitrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class can lead to vasospasm in patients with variant angina?

    <p>Organic nitrites &amp; nitrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of organic nitrites & nitrates in treating angina?

    <p>Releasing nitric oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should organic nitrites & nitrates not be used together with Sildenafil (PDE5 inhibitor)?

    <p>Risk of severe hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a side effect associated with Amyl Nitrite inhalation?

    <p>Decreased blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of antianginal action for organic nitrites and nitrates?

    <p>Dilation of coronary arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is commonly associated with excessive vasodilation from nitrites and nitrates?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is tolerance to nitrates typically prevented?

    <p>Allowing at least 8 drug-free hours per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme involved in the mechanism of antianginal action is inactivated by oxygen free radicals?

    <p>Aldehyde dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of calcium channel blockers is associated with drugs ending in -dipine?

    <p>Dihydropyridine class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate half-life of Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker from the Dihydropyridine class?

    <p>40 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Ivabradine in treating stable angina?

    <p>Inhibits the funny current (If) in pacemaker cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are β blockers not used in variant angina treatment?

    <p>They have direct effects on coronary arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adverse effect of blocking β2 receptors in smooth muscle?

    <p>Bronchoconstriction in the lung airway tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Ranolazine primarily reduce O2 demand in heart muscle?

    <p>By inhibiting late Na+ current in cardiomyocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug selectively reduces heart rate and is used for heart failure and stable angina?

    <p>Ivabradine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of action of β blockers like Propranolol in angina treatment?

    <p>Blocks β2 receptors in smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

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