Variant Angina and Antianginal Drugs Quiz

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What triggers muscle contraction by binding to actin to form a cross-bridge?

Myosin (correct)

Actin

MLC phosphatase

Ca2+

What is the approximate percentage of total cardiac output supplied by the left and right coronary arteries?

15%

5% (correct)

20%

11%

How is the balance between oxygen supply and demand in a normal heart affected during exercise?

O2 supply increases, O2 demand decreases

O2 supply and demand both decrease

O2 supply and demand both increase (correct)

O2 supply decreases, O2 demand increases

Which condition results from a complete block in a coronary artery?

Myocardial Infarction (MI) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Unstable Angina compared to Stable Angina?

Platelet aggregation + thrombus formation Signup and view all the answers

In Ischemic Heart Disease, what leads to the occurrence of Angina Pectoris?

Partial blockage in a coronary artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of action of nitroglycerin?

3-5 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which formulation of nitroglycerin is most suitable for long-term prophylaxis of anginal attacks?

Oral formulation Signup and view all the answers

How does the translingual spray formulation of nitroglycerin bypass liver inactivation?

By directly entering the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is effectively treated with intravenous (IV) nitroglycerin?

Heart attack Signup and view all the answers

Why is the sublingual formulation of nitroglycerin preferred for terminating an ongoing anginal attack?

It rapidly absorbs and bypasses liver metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of therapies for variant angina (Prinzmetal's angina)?

To restore the balance of vasodilators and nitrates Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class can lead to vasospasm in patients with variant angina?

Organic nitrites & nitrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of organic nitrites & nitrates in treating angina?

Releasing nitric oxide Signup and view all the answers

Why should organic nitrites & nitrates not be used together with Sildenafil (PDE5 inhibitor)?

Risk of severe hypotension Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a side effect associated with Amyl Nitrite inhalation?

Decreased blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of antianginal action for organic nitrites and nitrates?

Dilation of coronary arteries Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with excessive vasodilation from nitrites and nitrates?

Headache Signup and view all the answers

How is tolerance to nitrates typically prevented?

Allowing at least 8 drug-free hours per day Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme involved in the mechanism of antianginal action is inactivated by oxygen free radicals?

Aldehyde dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

Which class of calcium channel blockers is associated with drugs ending in -dipine?

Dihydropyridine class Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate half-life of Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker from the Dihydropyridine class?

40 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Ivabradine in treating stable angina?

Inhibits the funny current (If) in pacemaker cells Signup and view all the answers

Why are β blockers not used in variant angina treatment?

They have direct effects on coronary arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the adverse effect of blocking β2 receptors in smooth muscle?

Bronchoconstriction in the lung airway tract Signup and view all the answers

How does Ranolazine primarily reduce O2 demand in heart muscle?

By inhibiting late Na+ current in cardiomyocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which drug selectively reduces heart rate and is used for heart failure and stable angina?

Ivabradine Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of action of β blockers like Propranolol in angina treatment?

Blocks β2 receptors in smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers