160 Questions
Which type of angina is triggered by exercise or other physically demanding activities?
Stable angina
Which type of angina represents progression and can arise without physical exertion?
Unstable angina
Which type of angina is triggered by coronary vasospasms and occurs while resting, during the night, or during early morning hours?
Variant angina
Which type of angina is not indicative of a coronary plaque-based restriction?
Variant angina
Which type of angina is treated using vasodilators such as nitroglycerin?
Stable angina
Which type of angina should be regarded as an emergency?
Unstable angina
Which type of angina is triggered by coronary arterial vasospasms and is associated with triggering sudden cardiac death?
Variant angina
Which group of people is more likely overall to report angina?
Females
Which group of people is more likely to experience vasospastic angina?
Females
When does vasospastic angina usually present?
Midnight to morning
Which type of angina are females more likely to report?
Angina at rest
What symptom is more likely to be associated with angina in females?
All of the above
What symptom is less likely to be associated with angina in females?
Shortness of breath
What is the disconnect observed in pathological analysis of females with angina?
Coronary arteries are narrowed but no angiographic signs of lumen narrowing
What has been identified in recent studies in both males and females with angina and myocardial infarction?
Coronary microvascular dysfunction
What does the hemodynamic significance of a coronary artery stenosis depend on?
Both A and B
What is the gender difference in reporting the association of angina with decreased quality of life?
Females are more likely to report
What is the gender difference in reporting angina at rest?
Females are more likely to report
What is the gender difference in reporting pain in the back, neck, and jaw?
Females are more likely to report
What is the gender difference in reporting shortness of breath, nausea or indigestion, and fatigue?
Females are more likely to report
Which type of angina is triggered by exercise or other physically demanding activities?
Stable angina
Which type of angina is not indicative of a coronary plaque-based restriction?
Variant angina
What is the gender difference in reporting shortness of breath, nausea or indigestion, and fatigue?
Females report more
Which group of people is more likely to experience vasospastic angina?
Females
Which type of angina is triggered by coronary arterial vasospasms and is associated with triggering sudden cardiac death?
Variant angina
What does the hemodynamic significance of a coronary artery stenosis depend on?
The severity of the stenosis
What has been identified in recent studies in both males and females with angina and myocardial infarction?
Gender disparities in treatment
What symptom is more likely to be associated with angina in females?
Back pain
What is the gender difference in reporting angina at rest?
Females report more
What is the gender difference in reporting pain in the back, neck, and jaw?
Females report more
Which symptom is more likely to be associated with angina in females?
Shortness of breath
What is the gender difference in reporting the association of angina with decreased quality of life?
Females are more likely to report decreased quality of life
What is the disconnect observed in pathological analysis of females with angina?
Coronary arteries are severely narrowed but no signs of myocardial ischemia
What has been identified in recent studies in both males and females with angina and myocardial infarction?
Coronary microvascular dysfunction
What does the hemodynamic significance of a coronary artery stenosis depend on?
The severity of the narrowing
Which group of people is more likely overall to report angina?
Females
Which type of angina is triggered by exercise or other physically demanding activities?
Stable angina
Which type of angina is not indicative of a coronary plaque-based restriction?
Microvascular angina
Which type of angina represents progression and can arise without physical exertion?
Unstable angina
Which group of people is more likely to experience vasospastic angina?
Males
Which type of angina is triggered by exercise or other physically demanding activities?
Stable angina
Which type of angina represents progression and can arise without physical exertion?
Unstable angina
Which type of angina is not indicative of a coronary plaque-based restriction?
Variant angina
Which group of people is more likely overall to report angina?
Females
Which type of angina is triggered by coronary vasospasms and occurs while resting, during the night, or during early morning hours?
Variant angina
What symptom is more likely to be associated with angina in females?
Jaw pain
Which type of angina should be regarded as an emergency?
Unstable angina
When does vasospastic angina usually present?
During early morning hours
What symptom is less likely to be associated with angina in females?
Fatigue
What is the gender difference in reporting angina at rest?
Females report more
Which symptom is more likely to be associated with angina in females?
Chest pain
What is the gender difference in reporting angina at rest?
Females report more angina at rest
What does the hemodynamic significance of a coronary artery stenosis depend on?
The degree of lumen narrowing
Which type of angina is triggered by exercise or other physically demanding activities?
Stable angina
What is the gender difference in reporting the association of angina with decreased quality of life?
Females report more decreased quality of life
Which group of people is more likely overall to report angina?
Elderly individuals
What is the disconnect observed in pathological analysis of females with angina?
Coronary arteries are severely narrowed
Which type of angina represents progression and can arise without physical exertion?
Unstable angina
What has been identified in recent studies in both males and females with angina and myocardial infarction?
Coronary microvascular dysfunction
Which group of people is more likely to experience vasospastic angina?
Young adults
Which type of angina is triggered by coronary vasospasms and occurs while resting, during the night, or during early morning hours?
Vasospastic angina
What symptom is less likely to be associated with angina in females?
Pain in the back, neck, and jaw
Which group of people is more likely to experience vasospastic angina?
Females
What has been identified in recent studies in both males and females with angina and myocardial infarction?
Gender difference in reporting the association of angina with decreased quality of life
Which type of angina represents progression and can arise without physical exertion?
Unstable angina
What is the gender difference in reporting angina at rest?
More likely in females
What is the disconnect observed in pathological analysis of females with angina?
Gender difference in reporting the association of angina with decreased quality of life
Which type of angina should be regarded as an emergency?
Unstable angina
What does the hemodynamic significance of a coronary artery stenosis depend on?
Not mentioned in the text
What symptom is more likely to be associated with angina in females?
Shortness of breath
Which symptom is less likely to be associated with angina in females?
Pain in the back, neck, and jaw
What is the gender difference in reporting the association of angina with decreased quality of life?
Females report a higher association than males
What is the gender difference in reporting angina at rest?
Females are more likely to report angina at rest than males
What is the disconnect observed in pathological analysis of females with angina?
No signs of disease in the large coronary arteries but severe myocardial ischemia
What does the hemodynamic significance of a coronary artery stenosis depend on?
Both the degree of narrowing and compensatory vasodilatation
What has been identified in recent studies in both males and females with angina and myocardial infarction?
Coronary microvascular dysfunction
Which type of angina is triggered by coronary vasospasms and occurs while resting, during the night, or during early morning hours?
Vasospastic angina
Which type of angina should be regarded as an emergency?
Unstable angina
What is the gender difference in reporting pain in the back, neck, and jaw?
Females are more likely to report pain in the back, neck, and jaw than males
Which group of people is more likely overall to report angina?
Females
Which type of angina is triggered by exercise or other physically demanding activities?
Stable angina
Which type of angina represents progression and can arise without physical exertion?
Unstable angina
Which type of angina is triggered by coronary vasospasms and occurs while resting, during the night, or during early morning hours?
Variant angina
What is the gender difference in reporting angina?
Females are more likely to report angina
What symptom is typically severe and not relieved by rest in variant angina?
Chest pain
What is the primary event associated with triggering sudden cardiac death in vasospastic angina?
Coronary vasospasms
Which group of people is more likely to experience vasospastic angina?
Patients with migraines using triptans
Why will you not find positive troponin levels in unstable angina?
Unstable angina does not cause infarcted tissue
What is the effect of nitroglycerin in stable angina?
All of the above
What is the characteristic of stable angina symptoms?
They resolve shortly after stopping the activity
What is the gender difference in reporting angina at rest?
Females are more likely to report angina at rest.
Which symptom is less likely to be associated with angina in females?
Pain in the back, neck, and jaw
What is the gender difference in reporting the association of angina with decreased quality of life?
Females are more likely to report the association of angina with decreased quality of life.
What does the hemodynamic significance of a coronary artery stenosis depend on?
Both the degree of narrowing and the amount of compensatory vasodilatation
What has been identified in recent studies in both males and females with angina and myocardial infarction?
Coronary microvascular dysfunction
Which type of angina is triggered by exercise or other physically demanding activities?
Stable angina
What is the gender difference in reporting pain in the back, neck, and jaw?
Females are more likely to report pain in the back, neck, and jaw.
Which type of angina represents progression and can arise without physical exertion?
Unstable angina
What symptom is more likely to be associated with angina in females?
Shortness of breath
What symptom is less likely to be associated with angina in females?
Pain in the back, neck, and jaw
Which type of angina is triggered by exercise or other physically demanding activities?
Stable angina
Which type of angina represents progression and can arise without physical exertion?
Unstable angina
Which type of angina is triggered by coronary vasospasms and occurs while resting, during the night, or during early morning hours?
Variant angina
What symptom is typically severe and not relieved by rest in variant angina?
Nausea
Which group of people is more likely overall to report angina?
Females
What is the gender difference in reporting angina at rest?
Females are more likely to report angina at rest
What does the hemodynamic significance of a coronary artery stenosis depend on?
Severity of stenosis
What has been identified in recent studies in both males and females with angina and myocardial infarction?
Disconnect in pathological analysis
Which symptom is more likely to be associated with angina in females?
Pain in the back, neck, and jaw
Which type of angina should be regarded as an emergency?
Unstable angina
Which symptom is more likely to be associated with angina in females?
Pain in the back, neck, and jaw
What is the gender difference in reporting pain in the back, neck, and jaw?
Females report more pain
What has been identified in recent studies in both males and females with angina and myocardial infarction?
Coronary microvascular dysfunction
What is the effect of nitroglycerin in stable angina?
Relieves chest pain
What is the gender difference in reporting the association of angina with decreased quality of life?
Females report more association
What symptom is typically severe and not relieved by rest in variant angina?
Chest pain
Which type of angina is triggered by coronary vasospasms and occurs while resting, during the night, or during early morning hours?
Variant angina
What is the disconnect observed in pathological analysis of females with angina?
Disconnect between lumen narrowing and myocardial ischemia
What does the hemodynamic significance of a coronary artery stenosis depend on?
Both the degree of narrowing and compensatory vasodilatation
Which group of people is more likely overall to report angina?
Females
Which type of angina is more likely to be reported by females?
Persistent angina
What symptom is more likely to be associated with angina in females?
Shortness of breath
What is the gender difference in reporting the association of angina with decreased quality of life?
Females report more frequently
What is the disconnect observed in pathological analysis of females with angina?
Coronary arteries are not narrowed
What has been identified in recent studies in both males and females with angina and myocardial infarction?
Coronary microvascular dysfunction
What does the hemodynamic significance of a coronary artery stenosis depend on?
The degree of narrowing of the epicardial portion of the vessel
Which group of people is more likely overall to report angina?
Females
What symptom is typically severe and not relieved by rest in variant angina?
Chest pain
What is the primary event associated with triggering sudden cardiac death in vasospastic angina?
Coronary artery vasospasm
When does vasospastic angina usually present?
At rest or during the night
Which type of angina is typically triggered by exercise or other physically demanding activities?
Stable angina
Which type of angina is characterized by symptoms that can arise without physical exertion and may not be alleviated by medication?
Unstable angina
Which type of angina is triggered by coronary vasospasms and typically occurs while resting, during the night, or during early morning hours?
Variant angina
Which type of angina is triggered by coronary arterial vasospasms and is associated with triggering sudden cardiac death?
Vasospastic angina
What is the primary event associated with triggering sudden cardiac death in vasospastic angina?
Coronary arterial vasospasms
What is the characteristic of stable angina symptoms?
Symptoms resolve shortly after stopping physical activity
What is the characteristic of unstable angina symptoms?
Symptoms can arise without physical exertion
What is the characteristic of variant angina symptoms?
Symptoms are typically severe and not relieved by rest
What is the characteristic of vasospastic angina symptoms?
Symptoms are typically severe and not relieved by rest
What is the gender difference in reporting angina overall?
Females are more likely overall to report angina
What is the primary event associated with triggering sudden cardiac death?
Coronary vasospasms
Which type of angina is triggered by coronary vasospasms and occurs while resting, during the night, or during early morning hours?
Variant angina
What symptom is typically severe and not relieved by rest in variant angina?
Chest pain
What type of angina shows acute improvement using a vasodilator such as nitroglycerin?
Stable angina
What is the gender difference in reporting angina overall?
Females are more likely to report angina
Which type of angina represents progression and can arise without physical exertion?
Unstable angina
What is the gender difference in reporting the association of angina with decreased quality of life?
Females are more likely to report the association of angina with decreased quality of life
What symptom is more likely to be associated with angina in females?
Shortness of breath
What does the hemodynamic significance of a coronary artery stenosis depend on?
Coronary plaque-based restriction
Which group of people is more likely overall to report angina?
Females
Which symptom is more likely to be associated with angina in females?
Pain in the back, neck, and jaw
What is the gender difference in reporting angina at rest?
Females are more likely to report angina at rest
What is the gender difference in reporting the association of angina with decreased quality of life?
Females are more likely to report the association of angina with decreased quality of life
What has been identified in recent studies in both males and females with angina and myocardial infarction?
Coronary microvascular dysfunction
What does the hemodynamic significance of a coronary artery stenosis depend on?
The degree of narrowing of the epicardial portion of the vessel and the amount of compensatory vasodilatation the distal resistance vessels can achieve
Which type of angina represents progression and can arise without physical exertion?
Variant angina
Which group of people is more likely overall to report angina?
Females
What symptom is typically severe and not relieved by rest in variant angina?
Chest pain
What is the disconnect observed in pathological analysis of females with angina?
Coronary microvascular dysfunction without signs of disease in large coronary arteries
Which type of angina should be regarded as an emergency?
Variant angina
Study Notes
Types of Angina
- Exercise-induced angina is triggered by physical activity and represents a stable pattern of symptoms.
- Unstable angina represents progression and can arise without physical exertion.
- Variant angina is triggered by coronary vasospasms and occurs while resting, during the night, or during early morning hours.
Angina Symptoms
- Females are more likely to report angina, especially atypical symptoms such as shortness of breath, nausea or indigestion, and fatigue.
- Males are more likely to report typical symptoms such as chest pain or pressure.
Vasospastic Angina
- Vasospastic angina is more likely to occur in females and is triggered by coronary arterial vasospasms.
- It is associated with triggering sudden cardiac death and should be regarded as an emergency.
- Nitroglycerin is used to treat vasospastic angina.
Pathological Analysis
- In females, there is a disconnect observed in pathological analysis, where symptoms do not always correlate with myocardial ischemia.
- Recent studies have identified a mismatch between symptoms and myocardial ischemia in both males and females with angina and myocardial infarction.
Hemodynamic Significance
- The hemodynamic significance of a coronary artery stenosis depends on the flow rate and perfusion pressure.
Quality of Life
- Females are more likely to report a decrease in quality of life due to angina.
- Angina at rest is more common in females.
Test your knowledge on the three types of Angina - Stable, Unstable, and Variant. Learn about the triggers, symptoms, and treatments associated with each type.
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