Values and Attitudes vs Propaganda

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Questions and Answers

Gramsci's theory explores how cultural institutions are utilized by the ruling class to secure their power.

True (A)

Althusserian film theory analyzes how films represent dynamics of wealth distribution.

False (B)

Values are principles used to judge the worth of an idea or practice.

True (A)

Anarchism is a form of environmentalism.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Affective expressions of belief that endures are not considered values.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term propaganda is derived from the Latin word meaning "to hinder".

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Media hegemony is the domination of certain aspects of life by the infiltration of a dominant culture.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Vatican established the sacre congregatio de Propahande fide to promote the growth of Protestantism.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Social class is an intangible element of lifestyles.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Propaganda involves communicating ideas designed to persuade people to think and behave in a desired way.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Testimonial is a form of propaganda that utilizes endorsements from famous individuals.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Spin is used to maximize negative information in a story.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antoine Destutt de Tracy coined the term ideologie from the Greek word idea and the term logo.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Public relations deals with how organizations build positive relationships with the public.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The market model operates when supply is greater than demand.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Jowett and O'Denviell defined propaganda as a random attempt to shape perceptions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The bandwagon technique suggests that if you don't join a group you will be included.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Card stacking involves presenting a biased argument by combining falsehoods and hiding opposing evidence.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glittering generalities are specific and substantive strategies that connect with the audience's beliefs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The transfer technique uses the authority of a person to devalue a message.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'plain folks' technique is when a spokesperson gives the impression that they are of humble origins.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Testimonial involves using the voice of the people to discredit a person or product.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name calling creates fear and prejudice by using positive words to build support.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Apparatus Theory says that cinema is inherently ideological due to its mechanisms of representation.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are values?

Values are fundamental beliefs that guide our actions and judgments, shaping our responses to people, events, and situations.

What is Propaganda?

Propaganda aims to influence people's beliefs and behaviors by spreading specific ideas and perspectives, often with a persuasive intent.

How do values function?

Values determine what we deem right or wrong, desirable or undesirable, and act as our personal criteria for evaluating things.

How do values influence behavior?

The impact of values extends to our actions and reactions. They shape our choices and influence our behavior, ultimately reflecting our core beliefs.

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What is the aim of propaganda?

The purpose of propaganda is to spread information strategically, aiming to manipulate public perception, shape opinions, and ultimately influence behavior.

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What is spin?

Spin involves presenting information in a way that favors a particular perspective, often minimizing negative aspects and highlighting positive ones.

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What is public relations?

Public relations focuses on building positive relationships between individuals, organizations, and the public. It involves managing communication strategically.

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What is the core of propaganda?

Propaganda is a deliberate and systematic attempt to manipulate public perception, control thoughts, and influence behavior to benefit the propagandist.

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Gramsci's Theory of Cultural Hegemony

The theory that the ruling class uses cultural institutions to maintain its power and wealth in capitalist societies.

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Ideology

A set of beliefs, values, and understandings that shape our perceptions of the world.

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Althusserian Film Theory

A film analysis approach that examines how films represent class dynamics and the values that uphold social hierarchies.

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Media Hegemony

The dominance of certain aspects of life and thought by a dominant culture and its values penetrating society.

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Lifestyles

The ways of living, including interests, hobbies, behaviors, and opinions of individuals, families, groups, or communities.

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Market Model

A model that explains how supply and demand interact to determine the price of goods and services.

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Propaganda Devices

Techniques used in propaganda to persuade audiences, often employing emotional appeals and manipulation.

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Antoine Destutt de Tracy

A French aristocrat who coined the term 'ideologie' to describe the science of ideas.

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Bandwagon

This technique uses an appeal to the majority to convince others to follow the crowd. It often highlights the popularity of a product or idea to make it seem more desirable. Think of it as "Everybody's doing it!"

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Card Stacking

This propaganda method relies on presenting a one-sided view of an issue, leaving out important information or using false claims to create a biased impression. It's like stacking a deck of cards to favor a specific outcome.

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Glittering Generalities

This technique uses vague, emotionally charged language to appeal to people's values and beliefs without providing concrete evidence or specific plans. It's all about sounding good, but lacking substance.

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Transfer

This technique uses the authority or credibility of a person, organization, or symbol to promote an idea, product, or message. It's about transferring trust from a respected source to the message itself.

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Plain Folks

This technique aims to make the propagandist or the message seem relatable by portraying them as ordinary people with similar values and concerns as the audience. It's about building trust and rapport through shared experiences.

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Testimonial

This technique uses endorsements or testimonials from individuals to influence the audience's perception of a person, product, or idea. It relies on the idea that people are more likely to trust the opinions of others.

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Name Calling

This technique uses negative labels or insults to attack an individual, group, idea, or belief. It aims to create prejudice and fear by associating a negative image with the target.

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Apparatus Theory of Media

This theory argues that cinema inherently embodies ideological perspectives because it uses visual and narrative techniques to represent reality in a specific way. It suggests that even seemingly neutral films reflect a particular worldview or ideology.

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Study Notes

Values and Attitudes

  • Values are a special kind of belief, enduring and unlikely to change.
  • Attitudes are affective expressions of belief, responses to events, or stances towards people.
  • Values affect personal behavior by predisposing responses to situations, events, or people.
  • Values define what is right or wrong, desirable or undesirable.
  • Values are principles used to judge the worth of ideas or practices.
  • Values provide criteria to judge by.
  • Spiritual values directly influence actions and decisions concerning a higher power.

Propaganda

  • Propaganda disseminates or promotes particular ideas.
  • Propaganda's Latin root means "to propagate" or "to sow".
  • Propaganda has been used in history to advance religion and justify conquest.
  • In 1672, the Vatican established a sacred congregation for propagating the faith of the Roman Catholic Church.
  • Propaganda aimed to counteract the spread of Protestantism.
  • Propaganda often involves deceit, manipulation, and lies.
  • In 1937, the Institute for Propaganda Analysis (IPA) was founded in the United States to examine propaganda.
  • Propaganda aims to persuade people to think and act in a desired way.
  • Propaganda is expressed through various mediums like social media.

Propaganda Devices

  • Bandwagon: The idea that everyone is doing it, so you should too.
  • Card Stacking: Biased arguments that hide opposing evidence.
  • Glittering Generalities: Broad, vague statements that evoke positive feelings.
  • Transfer: Using the authority or credibility of a person to promote an idea.
  • Plain Folks: Portraying a person as ordinary to make them relatable.
  • Testimonial: Endorsement by an influential figure.
  • Name-Calling: Use negative terms to attack an idea.

Media and Ideology

  • Ideology is a set of beliefs and ideas, often connected to enlightenment.
  • Antoine Destutt de Tracy coined the term "ideology" in the late 18th century.
  • Ideology comes from Greek roots meaning "pattern" and "study."

Media Organizations and Stakeholders

  • Market Model, operates using the logic of supply and demand.
  • Economic equilibrium is reached when the quantity demanded is equal to the quantity supplied.

Lifestyles

  • Lifestyles represent the ways people live, encompassing interests, behaviors, and opinions.
  • Lifestyle consists of tangible and intangible elements. -Tangible elements include social class, income, and status. -Intangible elements include values, attitudes, and interests.
  • Mass advertising encourages people to favor products that align with specific lifestyles.

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