Science Attitudes and Social Values Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason why the diameter at the poles is approximately 70 km less than at the equator?

  • The gravitational pull of the moon and sun
  • The earth's rapid rotation on its axis (correct)
  • The tilt of the earth's axis
  • The earth's one-year revolution around the sun

What causes high tides along ocean shores about twice a day?

  • The gravitational pull of the moon and sun (correct)
  • The tilt of the earth's axis
  • The rotation of the planet on its axis
  • The earth's one-year revolution around the sun

What produces seasonal variations in climate on earth's surface?

  • The distance of the earth from the sun
  • The tilt of the earth's axis (correct)
  • The rapid rotation of the earth on its axis
  • The earth's one-year revolution around the sun

What ensures that energy reaches the planet at a rate sufficient to sustain life?

<p>The distance of the earth from the sun (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental unit of life according to the Cellular Theory of Life?

<p>Cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which elements coalesced to form stars in our galaxy?

<p>Hydrogen and helium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

<p>Contain chlorophyll used in making food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do space probes send back from distant planets in our solar system?

<p>Detailed pictures and other data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides form and structure for the cell and permits inward passage of waste products?

<p>Plasma membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisms are bacterium, amoeba, and paramecium according to the Cellular Theory of Life?

<p>Unicellular organisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the smaller bodies or rock and ice orbiting the sun called?

<p>Asteroids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two lightest elements that stars coalesced out of?

<p>Hydrogen and helium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is made up of genes, which are in turn made of DNA?

<p>Chromosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do radio and x-ray telescopes use to collect information from space?

<p>X-rays and radio waves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contains organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts?

<p>Cytoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is used in making food within plant cells?

<p>Chloroplasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two ways in which reproduction occurs?

<p>Sexually and asexually (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are chromosomes made of?

<p>Strands of DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many genes determine each trait?

<p>Two (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic principle of evolution?

<p>&quot;Survival of the fittest&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of the interactions of organisms with their environment and with each other called?

<p>Ecology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic unit of ecological study?

<p>Ecosystem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is energy primarily transmitted through an ecosystem?

<p>By means of the food chain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the sources of all food in an ecosystem?

<p>Plants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do animals contribute to the recycling of organic matter and nutrients within an ecosystem?

<p>By excreting waste materials back into their environment and dying (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may upset the balance in ecosystems according to the text?

<p>Air and water pollution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may increased levels of carbon dioxide cause?

<p>Localized or global warming (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do microorganisms recycle within an ecosystem?

<p>All organic material and nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the phases of the moon?

<p>The moon's orbit around the earth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process results in the formation of winds and ocean currents?

<p>The evaporation of water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What plays an important part in determining climatic patterns?

<p>The water cycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is fresh water obtained from for daily life and industrial processes?

<p>Rivers and lakes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has a finite capacity to withstand change without generating major ecological alterations?

<p>Oceans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of weathering and erosion by rivers and streams?

<p>Formation of canyons, gullies, and valleys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has led to a dramatic increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide?

<p>Reduced forest cover (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What interacts chemically with the atmosphere and produces undesirable effects such as smog and acid rain?

<p>Smoke and other substances from human activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes continuous changes on the earth's surface?

<p>Plate tectonics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the theory responsible for the current position of continents on the globe?

<p>The theory of plate tectonics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process refers to moving weathered materials?

<p>Erosion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is our sun in comparison to other stars in the universe?

<p>A medium-sized star (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the values and attitudes strongly fostered by science?

<p>Curiosity, openness to new ideas, and informed skepticism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main challenges related to the disposal of used materials, according to the text?

<p>The hazardous nature of radioactive waste (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technological system involves the use and development of materials to achieve a desired result, such as construction, preservation, and recycling?

<p>Materials Technology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of the success of genetic engineering mentioned in the text?

<p>Increased natural variability within plant species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technology requires less direct labor but more engineering, computer programming, and quality control?

<p>Process Technology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has made possible the encoding and transmitting of information as pulses in light intensity over optical fibers?

<p>Efficient control of light waves in lasers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does biotechnology involve?

<p>Agriculture, genetic engineering, and health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does process technology include?

<p>Chemical and industrial processes, mechanical systems, manufacturing, and transportation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does electronic/control technology involve?

<p>Design and production of simple circuits, robotics, and control systems, electronic devices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has the widespread use of insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides greatly increased?

<p>The number of pests in the agricultural ecosystem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be returned safely to the environment according to the text?

<p>Organic wastes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are robots used for according to the text?

<p>Performing tasks of mass production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using instructions for processing in information technology?

<p>To control processes electronically (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can computers provide control in certain operations compared to human control?

<p>They can respond more rapidly than human operators (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the risks associated with computer-managed information systems?

<p>Accidental changes or loss of information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of health technology?

<p>Reducing exposure to conditions that threaten health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which measure is included in sanitation measures as part of health technology?

<p>Chemical reduction of insect and microorganism populations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective means of preventing early death from disease according to the text?

<p>Vaccination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does modern treatment of many diseases benefit from science-based technologies?

<p>By providing alternative methods to scalpels and cauterization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ethical and economic issues are raised by improved medical technologies according to the text?

<p>Increased challenge of providing adequate food, shelter, and employment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has knowledge of chemistry improved modern treatment of many diseases?

<p>By improving understanding and synthesis of drugs and naturally occurring body chemicals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a technological alternative to traditional surgical methods?

<p>Controlled beams of light, ultrasound, x rays, and nuclear radiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenges are increased by the combined results of improved technology in public health, medicine, and agriculture?

<p>Increased ethical and economic issues related to providing adequate resources for humans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which green plants manufacture their own food in the presence of light?

<p>Photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are the products of photosynthesis?

<p>Glucose, H2O, and O2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the basic functions of all animals?

<p>Nutrition, respiration, excretion, and circulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ provides anchorage for the plant and absorbs water and nutrition from the soil?

<p>Root (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the male reproductive organ of a flower?

<p>Stamen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system is adapted for extracting required oxygen either from the air or from water and removing carbon dioxide?

<p>Respiratory system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells reproduce by mitosis?

<p>Somatic cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when pollen nuclei join the ovule nuclei in a flower?

<p>Fertilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells produce two new cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?

<p>Meiosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Geotropism refers to plants' response to which factor?

<p>Gravity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of conducting an experiment?

<p>To test whether the hypothesis is true or false (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a manipulated variable in an experiment?

<p>It is purposely changed in an experiment to test its effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to control fixed variables in an experiment?

<p>To ensure that other factors do not affect the results of the experiment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hypothesis in scientific investigation?

<p>A proposed explanation for a phenomenon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are results of an experiment typically presented?

<p>In various forms such as tables, graphs, or charts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the values and attitudes exhibited by a scientist?

<p>Integrity, fairness, and curiosity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a responding variable refer to in an experiment?

<p>The factor that changes with the manipulated variable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can one conduct a fair test in an experiment?

<p>By varying just one condition at a time while keeping all other conditions the same (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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