Science Attitudes and Social Values Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason why the diameter at the poles is approximately 70 km less than at the equator?

  • The gravitational pull of the moon and sun
  • The earth's rapid rotation on its axis (correct)
  • The tilt of the earth's axis
  • The earth's one-year revolution around the sun

    • What causes high tides along ocean shores about twice a day?

  • The gravitational pull of the moon and sun (correct)
  • The tilt of the earth's axis
  • The rotation of the planet on its axis
  • The earth's one-year revolution around the sun

    • What produces seasonal variations in climate on earth's surface?

  • The distance of the earth from the sun
  • The tilt of the earth's axis (correct)
  • The rapid rotation of the earth on its axis
  • The earth's one-year revolution around the sun

    • What ensures that energy reaches the planet at a rate sufficient to sustain life?

    <p>The distance of the earth from the sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental unit of life according to the Cellular Theory of Life?

    <p>Cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which elements coalesced to form stars in our galaxy?

    <p>Hydrogen and helium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

    <p>Contain chlorophyll used in making food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do space probes send back from distant planets in our solar system?

    <p>Detailed pictures and other data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides form and structure for the cell and permits inward passage of waste products?

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organisms are bacterium, amoeba, and paramecium according to the Cellular Theory of Life?

    <p>Unicellular organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the smaller bodies or rock and ice orbiting the sun called?

    <p>Asteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two lightest elements that stars coalesced out of?

    <p>Hydrogen and helium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is made up of genes, which are in turn made of DNA?

    <p>Chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do radio and x-ray telescopes use to collect information from space?

    <p>X-rays and radio waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contains organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used in making food within plant cells?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two ways in which reproduction occurs?

    <p>Sexually and asexually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are chromosomes made of?

    <p>Strands of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many genes determine each trait?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic principle of evolution?

    <p>&quot;Survival of the fittest&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of the interactions of organisms with their environment and with each other called?

    <p>Ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic unit of ecological study?

    <p>Ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is energy primarily transmitted through an ecosystem?

    <p>By means of the food chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the sources of all food in an ecosystem?

    <p>Plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do animals contribute to the recycling of organic matter and nutrients within an ecosystem?

    <p>By excreting waste materials back into their environment and dying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may upset the balance in ecosystems according to the text?

    <p>Air and water pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may increased levels of carbon dioxide cause?

    <p>Localized or global warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do microorganisms recycle within an ecosystem?

    <p>All organic material and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the phases of the moon?

    <p>The moon's orbit around the earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process results in the formation of winds and ocean currents?

    <p>The evaporation of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays an important part in determining climatic patterns?

    <p>The water cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is fresh water obtained from for daily life and industrial processes?

    <p>Rivers and lakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has a finite capacity to withstand change without generating major ecological alterations?

    <p>Oceans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of weathering and erosion by rivers and streams?

    <p>Formation of canyons, gullies, and valleys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has led to a dramatic increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide?

    <p>Reduced forest cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What interacts chemically with the atmosphere and produces undesirable effects such as smog and acid rain?

    <p>Smoke and other substances from human activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes continuous changes on the earth's surface?

    <p>Plate tectonics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theory responsible for the current position of continents on the globe?

    <p>The theory of plate tectonics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process refers to moving weathered materials?

    <p>Erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is our sun in comparison to other stars in the universe?

    <p>A medium-sized star</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the values and attitudes strongly fostered by science?

    <p>Curiosity, openness to new ideas, and informed skepticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main challenges related to the disposal of used materials, according to the text?

    <p>The hazardous nature of radioactive waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technological system involves the use and development of materials to achieve a desired result, such as construction, preservation, and recycling?

    <p>Materials Technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of the success of genetic engineering mentioned in the text?

    <p>Increased natural variability within plant species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology requires less direct labor but more engineering, computer programming, and quality control?

    <p>Process Technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has made possible the encoding and transmitting of information as pulses in light intensity over optical fibers?

    <p>Efficient control of light waves in lasers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does biotechnology involve?

    <p>Agriculture, genetic engineering, and health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does process technology include?

    <p>Chemical and industrial processes, mechanical systems, manufacturing, and transportation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does electronic/control technology involve?

    <p>Design and production of simple circuits, robotics, and control systems, electronic devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has the widespread use of insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides greatly increased?

    <p>The number of pests in the agricultural ecosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be returned safely to the environment according to the text?

    <p>Organic wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are robots used for according to the text?

    <p>Performing tasks of mass production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using instructions for processing in information technology?

    <p>To control processes electronically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can computers provide control in certain operations compared to human control?

    <p>They can respond more rapidly than human operators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the risks associated with computer-managed information systems?

    <p>Accidental changes or loss of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of health technology?

    <p>Reducing exposure to conditions that threaten health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure is included in sanitation measures as part of health technology?

    <p>Chemical reduction of insect and microorganism populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective means of preventing early death from disease according to the text?

    <p>Vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does modern treatment of many diseases benefit from science-based technologies?

    <p>By providing alternative methods to scalpels and cauterization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ethical and economic issues are raised by improved medical technologies according to the text?

    <p>Increased challenge of providing adequate food, shelter, and employment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has knowledge of chemistry improved modern treatment of many diseases?

    <p>By improving understanding and synthesis of drugs and naturally occurring body chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a technological alternative to traditional surgical methods?

    <p>Controlled beams of light, ultrasound, x rays, and nuclear radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenges are increased by the combined results of improved technology in public health, medicine, and agriculture?

    <p>Increased ethical and economic issues related to providing adequate resources for humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which green plants manufacture their own food in the presence of light?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are the products of photosynthesis?

    <p>Glucose, H2O, and O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the basic functions of all animals?

    <p>Nutrition, respiration, excretion, and circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ provides anchorage for the plant and absorbs water and nutrition from the soil?

    <p>Root</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the male reproductive organ of a flower?

    <p>Stamen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is adapted for extracting required oxygen either from the air or from water and removing carbon dioxide?

    <p>Respiratory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells reproduce by mitosis?

    <p>Somatic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when pollen nuclei join the ovule nuclei in a flower?

    <p>Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells produce two new cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Geotropism refers to plants' response to which factor?

    <p>Gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of conducting an experiment?

    <p>To test whether the hypothesis is true or false</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a manipulated variable in an experiment?

    <p>It is purposely changed in an experiment to test its effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to control fixed variables in an experiment?

    <p>To ensure that other factors do not affect the results of the experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hypothesis in scientific investigation?

    <p>A proposed explanation for a phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are results of an experiment typically presented?

    <p>In various forms such as tables, graphs, or charts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the values and attitudes exhibited by a scientist?

    <p>Integrity, fairness, and curiosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a responding variable refer to in an experiment?

    <p>The factor that changes with the manipulated variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can one conduct a fair test in an experiment?

    <p>By varying just one condition at a time while keeping all other conditions the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

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