US History 1900-1929 Overview

A period of rapid industrial growth in the United States, marked by economic prosperity, but also significant social problems like poverty, corruption, and inequality.

A political and social movement that arose in the early 20th century to address issues such as poverty, corruption, and the abuse of corporate power.

Theodore Roosevelt's domestic policy platform that aimed to promote fairness, protect consumers, and regulate businesses.

The belief that the United States should avoid involvement in foreign affairs and maintain isolation from international conflicts.

A political and social ideology that emphasizes the interests of native-born or established inhabitants over immigrants.

The belief in improving the human population's genetic quality through selective breeding or other forms of intervention.

Periods of intense fear and suspicion of communism in the United States.

A political and economic ideology that advocates for a classless society where the means of production are owned and controlled by the community or the state.

This trial involved a teacher who was accused of teaching Darwin's theory of evolution, which was illegal at the time. It highlighted the clash between modern scientific ideas and traditional beliefs.

A period of intense economic hardship characterized by high unemployment, widespread poverty, and business failures. It was a period of significant social and political upheaval due to widespread suffering.

A cultural movement that arose in Harlem, New York City, where African American artists, writers, and musicians celebrated their heritage and expressed their experiences through music, art, and literature.

The belief that God created the universe and all living things, opposing the theory of evolution.

A popular musical genre characterized by improvisational and upbeat rhythms. It originated in African American communities and gained widespread popularity in the 1920s.

A group of political allies and friends of President Warren G. Harding, often accused of corruption.

The period in the early 20th century when the widespread use of automobiles significantly changed transportation, the economy, and society.

Women in the 1920s who challenged traditional societal norms by adopting new fashions, engaging in previously restricted activities, and embracing a more independent lifestyle.

The 18th Amendment and its enforcement act, known as the Volstead Act, banned the making and distribution of alcohol in the United States, leading to a thriving illegal alcohol market.

Secret bars and clubs that operated illegally during the Prohibition era, offering alcoholic drinks in defiance of the law.

A period in the 1920s characterized by the widespread popularity of jazz music, particularly among African Americans, which later influenced white audiences.

The ability to borrow money to purchase something now and pay it back later, often with interest.

A US immigration policy enacted in 1924 using numerical limits on immigration based on national origin to favor Western Europeans.

A government policy that supports a country's separation from international conflicts and alliances, focusing primarily on its own interests; they prefer to avoid involvement in foreign affairs and alliances.

A program launched by the United States during World War II, which allowed the country to provide military aid to Allied nations without requiring immediate payment. This was a vital method of supporting the Allies while keeping the US out of war, at least initially.

The Allied invasion of Normandy, France, on June 6, 1944, marked the beginning of the liberation of Western Europe from Nazi control. This is a pivotal moment in World War II, and the largest amphibious military operation in world history.

A series of conferences held during and after World War II, involving the major Allied powers (the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union), to discuss the postwar world order. The conferences addressed issues such as the division of Germany, the establishment of the United Nations, and the future of Eastern Europe.

The dropping of atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 by the United States, which resulted in the surrender of Japan and the end of World War II. This event marked the start of the atomic age, with significant consequences for the future of international relations.

A series of radio speeches delivered by President Franklin D. Roosevelt from 1933 onwards, during the Great Depression. He used them to connect directly with Americans, explain his policies, and build confidence.

A key program introduced by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression to provide relief, recovery, and reform to the American economy and society.

The three main goals of the New Deal program, aiming to provide immediate relief to the unemployed, bring about economic recovery, and implement long-term reforms to prevent future economic crises.

An agency created by the New Deal to insure bank deposits, restoring public confidence in the financial system after the Great Depression.

An agency created by the New Deal to regulate the stock market, preventing another crash and protecting investors.

A federal program established by the New Deal to provide economic security to vulnerable groups, including the elderly, unemployed, and disabled.

A New Deal program that created public works jobs like road construction, bridges, and buildings to provide employment during the Great Depression.

The first woman appointed to the President's Cabinet, she served as Secretary of Labor under President Franklin D. Roosevelt and played a crucial role in shaping the New Deal.

The Great Depression's devastating effect on the lives and livelihoods of ordinary Americans, including farmers struggling with crop failures, urban dwellers facing unemployment and poverty, families forced to abandon children due to financial hardships, elderly individuals facing financial insecurity, and men struggling to provide for their families.

A philosophy promoting individual responsibility and self-reliance over government assistance. It emphasizes personal effort and initiative in achieving success.

An economic policy advocating for limited government intervention in the marketplace. It argues that the free market should operate without excessive regulation.

An economic theory that suggests providing benefits to wealthy individuals, such as tax cuts, will ultimately benefit the broader population through job creation, investment, and economic growth.

Makeshift shantytowns that emerged during the Great Depression, named after President Herbert Hoover, who was widely blamed for the economic crisis.

A group of World War I veterans who marched on Washington, D.C. in 1932, demanding the early payment of a promised bonus for their military service.

A set of programs and policies implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to the Great Depression, aimed at providing relief, recovery, and reform for the American economy and society.

The 1932 presidential election, where Franklin D. Roosevelt defeated incumbent President Herbert Hoover, marking a turning point in American history and the start of a new era of government intervention in the economy.

The United States emerged as an imperial power after defeating Spain in this war, gaining control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

A series of government actions in 1919-1920, led by U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, aimed at arresting and deporting suspected anarchists, communists, and radical leftists.

Two Italian-American anarchists convicted of murder in 1921, their guilt largely based on their anarchist beliefs and ethnic background, rather than concrete evidence.

A group founded on racism, inspired by the film 'Birth of a Nation,' which glorified the Ku Klux Klan.

A 1924 US immigration policy that set numerical limits on immigration based on national origin, favoring Western Europe over other regions.

A period in the early 20th century when the widespread use of automobiles drastically changed transportation, the economy, and society.

The first person to successfully fly solo around the world.

Secret bars and clubs that operated illegally during the Prohibition era, selling alcoholic drinks in defiance of the law.

People who illegally sold alcohol during the Prohibition era.

A famous gangster who thrived during the 1920s, known for his involvement in organized crime.

A severe economic downturn in the United States that lasted from 1929 to the late 1930s, characterized by high unemployment, widespread poverty, and business failures.

This refers to the belief that individuals should rely on their own efforts and not on government assistance to achieve success.

This economic philosophy advocates for minimal government intervention in business and economic affairs, allowing the free market to operate without much regulation.

A group of World War I veterans who marched on Washington, D.C., in 1932, demanding the early payment of a promised bonus for their service.

These were makeshift shantytowns that sprang up across the United States during the Great Depression, named derisively after President Herbert Hoover, whom many blamed for the economic crisis.

The election of 1932 is significant because it gave a clear mandate for change and marked the beginning of a new era of government intervention in the economy. This led to Franklin D. Roosevelt's policies and leadership reshaping the U.S. government's role in responding to economic crises.

The effects of the Great Depression extended to various groups, with rural areas facing agricultural struggles, urban areas experiencing high unemployment and homelessness, children facing abandonment, elderly facing poverty, men struggling to provide for their families, African Americans experiencing even higher unemployment and discrimination, social norms shifting towards more women in the workforce, and psychology playing a role with widespread anxiety, fear, and depression.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal was a set of programs and policies implemented in response to the Great Depression, aiming to provide relief, recovery, and reforms for the American economy and society. It marked a shift in the government's role in addressing economic crises.

The New Deal aimed to help African Americans by providing relief programs, marking the first time the federal government actively worked to address racial inequality.

The New Deal sought to improve the lives of Native Americans by reversing some assimilation policies, promoting tribal self-governance, restoring land lost under the Dawes Act, and fostering cultural preservation.

Pearl Harbor was a surprise attack by the Japanese on the U.S. naval base in Hawaii, killing nearly 3,000 and causing significant damage. This event was crucial in bringing the United States into World War II.

Executive Order 9066 was a controversial order issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during World War II, which forced Japanese Americans into internment camps based on fears of espionage. This order had a profound impact on the lives of Japanese Americans and illustrated the tensions and fears associated with wartime.

A series of radio addresses by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, beginning in 1933, intended to explain his policies and connect directly with the American people during the Great Depression.

The overarching goals of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal program, aimed at providing immediate relief to struggling citizens, fostering economic recovery, and implementing long-term reforms to prevent such crises in the future.

This act aimed to restore public confidence in the American banking system by insuring bank deposits, helping prevent future bank runs and financial panics.

This agency was created to regulate the stock market, prevent another crash like the one in 1929, and protect investors by enforcing securities laws.

This Act, a cornerstone of the New Deal, established a federal system to provide financial support to the elderly, unemployed, and disabled, ensuring basic economic security for vulnerable populations.

This New Deal program focused on providing public works jobs for the unemployed during the Great Depression, building infrastructure like roads, bridges, and buildings.

The first woman to hold a position in the US Cabinet, Frances Perkins served as Secretary of Labor under President Franklin D. Roosevelt and was instrumental in shaping the New Deal's policies.

The wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt was a prominent advocate for human rights and played a key role in shaping social policy during her husband's presidency.