US History 1900-1929 Overview

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Questions and Answers

What was the main significance of the Harlem Renaissance?

It led to the establishment of segregation laws.

It was a period of increased pride in African American culture through arts and music. (correct)

It marked a return to traditional African American culture.

It was a time when African Americans largely abandoned their cultural roots.

Which event is most directly associated with the beginning of the Great Depression?

The Dust Bowl

The Scopes Monkey Trial

The stock market crash of 1929 (correct)

The signing of the Treaty of Versailles

What did Herbert Hoover believe regarding assistance during the Great Depression?

People should depend on private charities for support.

Immediate government intervention was necessary to stabilize the economy.

The government should play a major role in providing financial aid.

People should help themselves without government assistance. (correct)

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'speculation' in the context of the stock market?

Predicting the future value of stocks and buying based on those predictions. Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary cause of the Dust Bowl during the 1920s?

Overproduction of crops leading to soil depletion. Signup and view all the answers

What territories did the U.S. gain as a result of the Spanish American War?

Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of Theodore Roosevelt's 'Square Deal' policies?

Fairness for all citizens Signup and view all the answers

Which amendment granted women the right to vote in the United States?

19th Amendment Signup and view all the answers

What foreign policy approach is characterized by minimizing international involvement?

Isolationism Signup and view all the answers

What ideology favors native-born inhabitants over immigrants?

Nativism Signup and view all the answers

During which periods did the Red Scare occur in the United States?

After World War I and during the Cold War Signup and view all the answers

What was the goal of the Palmer Raids in 1919-1920?

To arrest and deport suspected radicals Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental belief behind communism?

Advocacy for a classless society Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant effect of the New Deal on African Americans?

It marked the first time the federal government intervened in racial issues. Signup and view all the answers

What was a key result of the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)?

It strengthened workers' rights to organize and form unions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions was taken as a direct result of Pearl Harbor?

The United States entered World War II. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Lend Lease Act during World War II?

To provide military assistance to Allied nations without immediate payment. Signup and view all the answers

What were the consequences of Executive Order 9066 during World War II?

It forced Japanese Americans into internment camps. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the Emergency Quota System established in 1924?

Numerical limits on immigration based on national origin. Signup and view all the answers

Which political figure is associated with the group known as the Ohio Gang?

Warren G. Harding Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the secret bars that emerged during Prohibition?

Speakeasy Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the time period known as the Jazz Age?

A cultural boom fueled by African American music and dance. Signup and view all the answers

How did Prohibition affect the illegal production and distribution of alcohol?

It led to the rise of bootleggers and illegal speakeasies. Signup and view all the answers

Which President is known for his pro-business policies during the early 1920s?

Warren G. Harding Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the major cultural shifts for women in the 1920s?

Embracing freedom in expression and fashion choices. Signup and view all the answers

Who was the notorious gangster associated with organized crime during the 1920s?

Al Capone Signup and view all the answers

What did the 21st Amendment achieve in U.S. history?

It repealed the 18th Amendment, ending Prohibition. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT one of the 3 R's of the New Deal?

Regulation Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)?

To regulate the stock market and protect investors. Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first woman appointed to the U.S. Cabinet?

Frances Perkins Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant argument against the New Deal?

It failed to address racial and gender inequalities. Signup and view all the answers

Which program was established to provide public works jobs for the unemployed during the Great Depression?

Works Progress Administration Signup and view all the answers

What role did Franklin D. Roosevelt's Fireside Chats play during his presidency?

To provide direct communication and reassurance to the public. Signup and view all the answers

Which group was significantly improved by the social welfare programs introduced during the New Deal?

Unemployed individuals Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant impact of the Great Depression on urban areas?

High unemployment rates leading to poverty and homelessness Signup and view all the answers

How did the Great Depression affect children in affected families?

The oldest children were sent away to find work Signup and view all the answers

What economic philosophy did Herbert Hoover promote regarding government intervention?

Rugged individualism, emphasizing self-reliance Signup and view all the answers

What were Hoovervilles?

Makeshift shantytowns for homeless individuals Signup and view all the answers

How did African Americans experience the Great Depression compared to other groups?

They experienced higher unemployment rates and discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What is Trickle-Down Economics?

An idea that benefits for the wealthy will eventually benefit society as a whole Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Election of 1932?

It established a mandate for change and government intervention Signup and view all the answers

Which group was known for marching on Washington, D.C., in 1932 demanding bonuses?

World War I veterans known as the Bonus Army Signup and view all the answers

What was the predominant musical style associated with the Harlem Renaissance?

Jazz Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contributed to the economic conditions leading to the Great Depression?

Increased consumer debt Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary Defense against the teaching of Darwin's theory during the Scopes Monkey Trial?

Creationism Signup and view all the answers

What was one main effect of the Dust Bowl on American agriculture?

Destruction of farmland Signup and view all the answers

What characterized life for African Americans during the 1920s?

Increase in self-identity and pride Signup and view all the answers

What key effect did the New Deal have on Native Americans?

Strengthened tribal self-governance. Signup and view all the answers

Which legislation was pivotal in strengthening workers' rights during the New Deal era?

Wagner Act (1935). Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the U.S. entering World War II following the attack on Pearl Harbor?

As a response to a direct military attack. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the outcomes of the D-Day invasion during World War II?

It established a new front against the Nazis in Europe. Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant effect of the use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

It resulted in the unconditional surrender of Japan. Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary reason for the conviction of Sacco and Vanzetti?

Political beliefs and ethnic background Signup and view all the answers

Which U.S. immigration law implemented numerical limits based on national origin?

Emergency Quota System Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for secret places where alcohol was sold illegally during Prohibition?

Speakeasies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following individuals is known for promoting economic growth during the Roaring Twenties?

Calvin Coolidge Signup and view all the answers

What was the main focus of the Ku Klux Klan during its resurgence in the early 20th century?

Racial purity and white supremacy Signup and view all the answers

Which act enforced the 18th Amendment and banned the production and sale of alcoholic beverages?

Volstead Act Signup and view all the answers

What was a common activity among flappers during the 1920s?

Defying societal norms in fashion and behavior Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant cultural aspect of the Jazz Age?

Rise of jazz music influenced by African American culture Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the Spanish American War for the United States?

The emergence of the U.S. as a dominant imperial power Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of Theodore Roosevelt's presidency is most closely associated with his 'Square Deal' policies?

Ensuring fairness and breaking bad trusts Signup and view all the answers

What did the 19th Amendment achieve in the United States?

Granted women the right to vote Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Palmer Raids during the Red Scare?

To deport suspected anarchists and communists Signup and view all the answers

What was a defining characteristic of nativism in the early 20th century America?

A belief in the superiority of native-born citizens Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the concept of isolationism during the early 20th century?

Minimizing involvement in foreign conflicts and alliances Signup and view all the answers

What was a common belief associated with eugenics in the early 1900s?

Enhancing societal welfare by promoting genetic quality Signup and view all the answers

What was a central theme during the Red Scare periods in the United States?

Concern over the spread of communism and leftist movements Signup and view all the answers

What were the primary goals embodied in the 3 R's of the New Deal?

Relief, Recovery, and Reform Signup and view all the answers

What was a major criticism against the New Deal programs?

They led to excessive government intervention in the economy. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following initiatives was established to provide financial support to the elderly and unemployed?

Social Security Act Signup and view all the answers

What was one expected outcome of Franklin D. Roosevelt's Fireside Chats?

To reassure the public about his policies during the Great Depression. Signup and view all the answers

What significant change did the 21st Amendment achieve?

It ended Prohibition by repealing the 18th Amendment. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Frances Perkins and what was her significance?

She was the first woman appointed to the U.S. Cabinet, serving as Secretary of Labor. Signup and view all the answers

What was one argument made in favor of the New Deal programs?

They helped stabilize the banking system and created jobs. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant societal change during the Great Depression regarding employment?

Children took jobs to support their families more frequently. Signup and view all the answers

What economic philosophy advocated minimal government intervention during the Great Depression?

Rugged Individualism Signup and view all the answers

How did the Great Depression specifically impact African Americans compared to the general population?

They faced discrimination and higher unemployment rates. Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the makeshift shantytowns that emerged during the Great Depression?

Hoovervilles Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Bonus Army's march in 1932?

To request early payment of a promised military bonus. Signup and view all the answers

What economic theory suggests that benefits for the wealthy will eventually benefit the broader population?

Trickle-Down Economics Signup and view all the answers

Which group faced particularly dire circumstances during the Great Depression due to limited financial resources?

The elderly Signup and view all the answers

What psychological effects did the Great Depression have on individuals in the United States?

Widespread feelings of anxiety, fear, and depression. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Early 1900s Recap

Spanish-American War/US Imperialism: Conflict between the US and Spain resulting in US acquisition of territories (Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines), marking the rise of US imperialism.
Gilded Age/Progressive Era (1870-1900): A period of significant industrial growth accompanied by corruption and greed.
Theodore Roosevelt: Youngest US president (age 42), leader of the Progressive movement, championed the "Square Deal" (domestic policies focused on fairness for citizens), breaking trusts, regulating railroads, and promoting pure food/drugs.
19th Amendment: Granted women the right to vote.
World War I (WWI): Global conflict (1914-1918) between the Allies (US, France, Britain, Italy, Russia) and the Axis (Germany, Austria-Hungary). Major new types of weaponry included gas warfare, tanks, planes, and artillery, as well as trench warfare. Ended with the Treaty of Versailles.
- New types of warfare: included gas warfare, tanks, planes, artillery, and trench warfare.

The 1920s

Isolationism: US foreign policy aiming to minimize international involvement and avoid alliances.
Nativism: Political and social ideology favoring the interests of native-born citizens over immigrants.
Eugenics: Belief in improving the human population through selective breeding or other interventions.
The Red Scare: Intense fear and suspicion of communism in the US, particularly after WWI and during the Cold War.
Palmer Raids (1919-1920): Government actions targeting suspected anarchists, communists, and radicals, resulting in arrests and deportations.
Communism: Political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society with communal ownership of the means of production.
Anarchists: Individuals advocating for the abolition of all forms of authority (government, capitalism, organized religion).
Sacco and Vanzetti: Two Italian-American anarchists convicted of murder, their conviction largely due to their political beliefs and ethnic background, not concrete evidence.
Ku Klux Klan (KKK): Extremist group based on racism.
Emergency Quota System (1924): Restricted immigration based on national origin, favoring Western European countries.
Labor Unrest: Worker dissatisfaction, often expressed through strikes and protests due to poor working conditions, low wages, or unfair labor practices.
Warren G. Harding: US President (1921-1923), known for his pro-business policies and his administration's involvement in corruption scandals (Ohio Gang).

The Great Depression

The Great Depression: A prolonged period of severe economic downturn, significantly impacting many areas of the world.
Dust Bowl: Severe drought in the US Midwest during the 1930s , creating severe crop failures.
Agricultural effects: The failing crops caused widespread hardship for farmers as well as causing agricultural production to drastically reduce.
Urban effects: High levels of unemployment due to lack of jobs in urban areas, leading to widespread homelessness and poverty.
Children and elders: Children were frequently abandoned by families struggling to provide food and elders lacked savings.
Social Norms: Economic hardship during the Depression caused people to change their views on social norms, as women began entering the workforce more often.
Hoover's philosophy: "Rugged Individualism" which discouraged government intervention to address the economic issues.
The role of the Government: The government intervened through the New Deal.
Hoovervilles: Shantytowns that emerged during the Great Depression, as people lost their homes. Named after Herbert Hoover, the president at the time.
Bonus Army: WWI veterans who marched on Washington D.C. to demand early payment of their promised bonus, highlighting issues of financial injustice.

The New Deal

FDR (Franklin D. Roosevelt): US President (1933-1945), whose New Deal initiatives aimed to combat the economic crisis.
New Deal Policies: A series of government programs created to address the economic crisis, with an aim towards recovery, relief, and reform.
Fireside Chats: FDR's radio addresses to the American public to explain his policies and provide reassurance.

World War II

Pearl Harbor: Surprise Japanese attack on the US naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii (1941). Caused significant damage to the US navy.
Executive Order 9066: Forced relocation camps for Japanese Americans.
D-Day: Allied invasion of Normandy in France (1944).
Atomic Bombs: US bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki(1945) with the use of atomic bombs.
Post-War Conferences: Conferences like Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam to help organize Europe after the war.
Impact of the War: The war resulted in significant loss of life and impacted many different countries globally.

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Explore the critical events in US history from the early 1900s to the 1920s. This quiz covers key topics such as imperialism, the Gilded Age, the Progressive Era, women's suffrage, and the impact of World War I. Test your knowledge on the transformative decades that shaped modern America.