Podcast
Questions and Answers
What condition is characterized by the presence of blood in urine?
What condition is characterized by the presence of blood in urine?
Urethrostenosis refers to the widening of the urethra.
Urethrostenosis refers to the widening of the urethra.
False
Define the term 'polyuria'.
Define the term 'polyuria'.
Excessive urination.
The combining form 'pyel/o' refers to the ______ of the kidney.
The combining form 'pyel/o' refers to the ______ of the kidney.
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Match the following diseases with their descriptions:
Match the following diseases with their descriptions:
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What is the primary function of erythropoietin (EPO)?
What is the primary function of erythropoietin (EPO)?
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The renal artery carries deoxygenated blood away from the kidneys.
The renal artery carries deoxygenated blood away from the kidneys.
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What condition is characterized by involuntary urination?
What condition is characterized by involuntary urination?
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The triangular region in the bladder between the ureter openings and the urethral outlet is called the ______.
The triangular region in the bladder between the ureter openings and the urethral outlet is called the ______.
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Match the following conditions with their definitions:
Match the following conditions with their definitions:
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Which part of the nephron is responsible for initial blood filtration?
Which part of the nephron is responsible for initial blood filtration?
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Urolithiasis is the condition of having excess nitrogenous wastes in the blood.
Urolithiasis is the condition of having excess nitrogenous wastes in the blood.
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The ______ is a funnel-shaped structure in the kidney where urine collects before entering the ureter.
The ______ is a funnel-shaped structure in the kidney where urine collects before entering the ureter.
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What condition is characterized by bleeding from the urethra?
What condition is characterized by bleeding from the urethra?
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Polycystic kidney is an acquired disorder.
Polycystic kidney is an acquired disorder.
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___ is the term used for the surgical fixation of a kidney.
___ is the term used for the surgical fixation of a kidney.
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Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
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What diagnostic test uses sound waves to assess bladder volume?
What diagnostic test uses sound waves to assess bladder volume?
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Nocturia is defined as excessive urination during the day.
Nocturia is defined as excessive urination during the day.
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What is the role of diuretics in the urinary system?
What is the role of diuretics in the urinary system?
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Study Notes
Urinary System Study Guide
- Hilum: The depression in the kidney where blood vessels, nerves, and the ureter enter and exit.
- Urethra: A tube carrying urine from the bladder to the body exterior during urination.
- Nephrons: Microscopic functional kidney units filtering blood and forming urine via filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
- Renal Corpuscle: A nephron part containing the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule, where blood filtration begins.
- Glomerulus: A capillary network within the renal corpuscle filtering waste products from the blood.
- Renal Artery: Blood vessel supplying oxygenated blood to the kidneys.
- Renal Tubule: Nephron tubes processing filtered fluid into urine.
- Trigone: A triangular bladder region between ureter openings and the urethral outlet.
- Fistula: An abnormal passage connecting two organs or leading to the body's surface.
- Erythropoietin (EPO): Kidney-produced hormone stimulating bone marrow to make red blood cells.
- Waste Filtered by Kidneys: Urea, creatinine, uric acid, and other nitrogenous wastes.
Kidney Cross Sections
- Cortex: The outer kidney portion containing nephrons.
- Medulla: The inner kidney portion with renal pyramids and collecting ducts.
- Renal Pelvis: A funnel-shaped structure where urine collects before entering the ureter.
Combining Forms
- Py/o: Pus
- Vesic/o: Bladder
- Lith/o: Stone
- Olig/o: Scanty
- Noct/o: Night
- Azot/o: Nitrogenous compounds
- Kal/o: Potassium
- Urethr/o: Urethra
- Pyel/o: Renal pelvis
- Glomerul/o: Glomerulus
- Ren/o: Kidney
Suffixes and Prefixes
- -uria: Urine condition
- Retro-: Behind, backward
- -genesis: Formation or production
- Dia-: Through, across
Diseases and Conditions
- Nephrotic Syndrome: Kidney disorder causing protein loss in urine (proteinuria).
- Hematuria: Blood in urine.
- Diabetes: Metabolic disorder affecting kidney function due to high blood sugar
- Azotemia: Excess nitrogenous waste in the blood due to kidney dysfunction
- Enuresis: Involuntary urination
- Glomerulonephritis: Glomerulus inflammation causing kidney damage
- Urolithiasis: Urinary tract stone formation
- Uremia: Urea and toxin buildup in the blood due to kidney failure
- Peritonitis: Inflammation of peritoneum, possibly due to kidney infections
- Cystocele: Bladder herniation into the vagina
- Urethrostenosis: Urethra narrowing
- Hydronephrosis: Kidney swelling due to urine buildup
- Urethrorrhagia: Urethra bleeding
- Nocturia: Frequent nighttime urination
- Polycystic Kidney: Genetic disorder causing fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys
- Wilms Tumor: Kidney cancer common in children
Symptoms/Issues
- Proteinuria: Excess protein in urine
- Adenocarcinoma: Cancer originating in glandular tissue, including kidneys
Tests/Procedures
- Bladder Ultrasonography: Sound waves to check bladder volume
- Renal Nuclear Scan: Assessing kidney function via radioactive material
- Lithotripsy: Shockwave treatment to break kidney stones
- Cystoscopy: Examining the bladder with a cystoscope
- Electromyography: Measuring muscle response in the urinary tract
- Urinalysis: Lab urine test for abnormalities
- Cystopexy: Surgical bladder fixation
- Urethrography: Imaging of the urethra
- Urethroscopy: Visual examination of the urethra
- Cystography: Imaging of the bladder
- Cystectomy: Surgical bladder removal
- Pyeloplasty: Surgical repair of the renal pelvis
- Ureteral Stent Placement: Tube insertion to keep the ureter open
- Voiding Cystourethrography: X-ray of the bladder and urethra during urination
- Nephrostomy: Tube inserted to drain urine from the kidney
- Meatotomy: Opening of the urethral meatus
Medications/Agents
- Diuretics: Increase urine production
- Antibiotics: Treat bacterial infections
Abbreviations
- ESWL: Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy
- BUN: Blood Urea Nitrogen
- IVP: Intravenous Pyelogram
- ESRD: End-Stage Renal Disease
- UA: Urinalysis
- C&S: Culture and Sensitivity
- UTI: Urinary Tract Infection
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts of the urinary system, including the anatomy and function of the kidneys, urethra, and nephron structures. Understanding terms like hilum, glomerulus, and renal tubule is essential for mastering this vital body system.
