Urinary System Study Guide PDF

Urinary System Study Guide Define and Understand the Di3erent Parts of the Renal System Hilum: The depression in the kidney where blood vessels, nerves, and the ureter enter and exit. Urethra: A tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body during urination. Ne...

Urinary System Study Guide Define and Understand the Di3erent Parts of the Renal System Hilum: The depression in the kidney where blood vessels, nerves, and the ureter enter and exit. Urethra: A tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body during urination. Nephrons: Microscopic functional units of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Renal Corpuscle: Part of the nephron containing the glomerulus and Bowman capsule, where blood filtration begins. Glomerulus: A network of capillaries within the renal corpuscle that filters waste products from the blood. Renal Artery: Blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the kidneys. Renal Tubule: Tubes in the nephron where filtered fluid is processed into urine. Trigone: A triangular region in the bladder between the ureter openings and the urethral outlet. Fistula: An abnormal passage connecting two organs or leading to the body’s surface. What is the Purpose of Erythropoietin (EPO)? Erythropoietin (EPO): A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells. What Waste Is Filtered by the Kidneys? Wastes Filtered: Urea, creatinine, uric acid, and other nitrogenous wastes. Be Able to Define and Understand the Di3erent Cross Sections of the Kidney Cross Sections: Cortex: The outer portion containing nephrons. Medulla: The inner portion with renal pyramids and collecting ducts. Renal Pelvis: Funnel-shaped structure where urine collects before entering the ureter.  Define the Following Combining Forms Py/o: Pus Vesic/o: Bladder Lith/o: Stone Olig/o: Scanty Noct/o: Night Azot/o: Nitrogenous compounds Kal/o: Potassium Urethr/o: Urethra Pyel/o: Renal pelvis Glomerul/o: Glomerulus Ren/o: Kidney Define the Following Su3ixes and Prefixes -uria: Urine condition Retro-: Behind, backward -genesis: Formation or production Dia-: Through, across Define and Understand the Following Diseases/Conditions Nephrotic Syndrome: Kidney disorder causing protein loss in urine (proteinuria). Hematuria: Presence of blood in urine. Diabetes: A metabolic disorder causing high blood sugar, aMecting kidney function. Azotemia: Excess nitrogenous waste in the blood due to kidney dysfunction. Enuresis: Involuntary urination. Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of the glomerulus, leading to kidney damage. Urolithiasis: Formation of stones in the urinary tract. Uremia: Accumulation of urea and toxins in the blood due to kidney failure. Peritonitis: Inflammation of the peritoneum, potentially caused by kidney infections. Cystocele: Bladder herniation into the vagina. Urethrostenosis: Narrowing of the urethra. Hydronephrosis: Swelling of the kidney due to urine buildup. Urethrorrhagia: Bleeding from the urethra. Nocturia: Frequent urination at night. Polycystic Kidney: Genetic disorder causing fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys. Understand the Following Symptoms/Issues Wilms Tumor: Kidney cancer commonly aMecting children. Proteinuria: Excess protein in urine. Adenocarcinoma: Cancer originating in glandular tissue, including kidneys. Cystitis: Inflammation of the bladder. Pyuria: Pus in the urine. Polyuria: Excessive urination. Nephropexy: Surgical fixation of a kidney. Understand the Following Tests/Procedures Bladder Ultrasonography: Uses sound waves to check bladder volume. Renal Nuclear Scan: Assesses kidney function using radioactive material. Lithotripsy: Shockwave treatment to break up kidney stones. Cystoscopy: Examination of the bladder using a cystoscope. Electromyography: Measures muscle response in the urinary tract. Urinalysis: Laboratory urine test to detect abnormalities. Cystopexy: Surgical fixation of the bladder. Urethrography: Imaging of the urethra. Urethroscopy: Visual examination of the urethra. Cystography: Bladder imaging. Cystectomy: Surgical removal of the bladder. Pyeloplasty: Surgical repair of the renal pelvis. Ureteral Stent Placement: Tube insertion to keep the ureter open. Voiding Cystourethrography: X-ray of the bladder and urethra during urination. Nephrostomy: Tube insertion to drain urine from the kidney. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN): Measures urea levels in the blood. Meatotomy: Surgical opening of the urethral meatus. Define the Following Medications/Agents Diuretics: Medications that increase urine production. Antibiotics: Medications that treat bacterial infections. Define the Following Abbreviations ESWL: Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy BUN: Blood Urea Nitrogen IVP: Intravenous Pyelogram ESRD: End-Stage Renal Disease UA: Urinalysis C&S: Culture and Sensitivity UTI: Urinary Tract Infection  Urinary System Study Guide Questions 1. Define and Understand the Di3erent Parts of the Renal System a. Hilum b. Urethra c. Nephrons d. Renal Corpuscle e. Glomerulus f. Renal Artery g. Renal Tubule h. Trigone i. Fistula 2. What is the Purpose of Erythropoietin (EPO)? 3. What Waste Is Filtered by the Kidneys? 4. Be Able to Define and Understand the Di3erent Cross Sections of the Kidney 5. Define the Following Combining Forms a. Py/o b. Vesic/o c. Lith/o d. Olig/o e. Noct/o f. Azot/o g. Kal/o h. Urethr/o i. Pyel/o j. Glomerul/o k. Ren/o 6. Define the Following Su3ixes and Prefixes a. -uria b. Retro- c. -genesis d. Dia- 7. Define and Understand the Following Diseases/Conditions a. Nephrotic Syndrome b. Hematuria c. Diabetes d. Azotemia e. Enuresis f. Glomerulonephritis g. Urolithiasis h. Uremia i. Peritonitis j. Cystocele k. Urethrostenosis l. Hydronephrosis m. Urethrorrhagia n. Nocturia o. Polycystic Kidney  8. Understand the Following Symptoms/Issues a. Wilms Tumor b. Proteinuria c. Adenocarcinoma d. Cystitis e. Pyuria f. Polyuria g. Nephropexy 9. Understand the Following Tests/Procedures a. Bladder Ultrasonography b. Renal Nuclear Scan c. Lithotripsy d. Cystoscopy e. Electromyography f. Urinalysis g. Cystopexy h. Urethrography i. Urethroscopy j. Cystography k. Cystectomy l. Pyeloplasty m. Ureteral Stent Placement n. Voiding Cystourethrography o. Nephrostomy p. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) q. Meatotomy 10. Define the Following Medications/Agents a. Diuretics b. Antibiotics 11. Define the Following Abbreviations a. ESWL b. BUN c. IVP d. ESRD e. UA f. C&S g. UTI