Human Anatomy: Kidneys and Urinary System

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

To filter the blood and regulate body fluids (correct)

To store excess nutrients for energy

To produce hormones for regulating metabolism

To assist in digestion by breaking down food

Which structure is responsible for the initial filtration process in the nephron?

Collecting duct

Renal tubule

Bowman's Capsule

Glomerulus (correct)

In which part of the kidney does the filtration primarily occur?

Medulla

Cortex (correct)

Pelvis

Ureter

What is the role of Bowman's Capsule in the nephron?

To surround the glomerulus and collect filtered fluid Signup and view all the answers

What substances are included in the filtrate that flows into the Bowman's capsule?

Water, salts, urea, glucose, and amino acids Signup and view all the answers

How do the kidneys control the composition of the blood?

By filtering impurities and releasing hormones as needed Signup and view all the answers

What process is involved in the reabsorption of water and salts back into the capillaries?

Osmosis and active transport Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the removal of waste is incorrect?

Red blood cells are filtered out of the urine. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ureter?

To transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder Signup and view all the answers

Which components are generally reabsorbed back into the bloodstream?

Glucose, water, amino acids, and some salts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of keratin produced by the epidermis?

To make the skin watertight and protect from UV rays Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the urinary system is responsible for transporting urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

Ureter Signup and view all the answers

How do protozoa primarily excrete waste?

By diffusion through the cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the skin is made up of elastic connective tissue?

Dermis Signup and view all the answers

What function does the contractile vacuole serve in unicellular organisms?

Forces excess water out of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sphincter muscles related to the bladder?

To prevent urine from leaking Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the bladder is false?

The bladder stores metabolic wastes for long periods. Signup and view all the answers

What role do the nerves in the bladder play?

They alert a person when it is time to urinate. Signup and view all the answers

What does the urethra do in relation to the bladder?

It carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a metabolic waste product?

Urea Signup and view all the answers

Which waste product is primarily excreted by the lungs during cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the liver in the excretory system?

Breaks down red blood cells and converts ammonia into urea Signup and view all the answers

How do sweat glands contribute to excretion?

They secrete water, salts, and a small amount of urea Signup and view all the answers

What happens to excess amino acids in the body?

They are broken down, and the ammonia is converted into urea Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of perspiration through sweat glands?

To regulate body temperature and remove some wastes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Kidneys (Filters the Blood)

Remove urea from the blood
Regulate the concentration of substances such as water in the body
Controlled by hormones released in response to the composition of the blood

Kidney Structure

Cortex - the outer portion responsible for filtration
Medulla - made up of tubes called collecting ducts that carry filtered material
Nephrons - consists of a network of capillaries called glomeruli and a small tube called a renal tubule
Glomerulus is a cup-shaped structure called Bowman's Capsule

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Description

This quiz explores the functions and structures of the kidneys and the urinary system. It covers the nephron's filtration process, the roles of organs involved in waste removal, and the overall mechanisms regulating blood composition. Test your knowledge on human anatomy and physiology!