Human Anatomy: Kidneys and Urinary System
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

  • To filter the blood and regulate body fluids (correct)
  • To store excess nutrients for energy
  • To produce hormones for regulating metabolism
  • To assist in digestion by breaking down food

Which structure is responsible for the initial filtration process in the nephron?

  • Collecting duct
  • Renal tubule
  • Bowman's Capsule
  • Glomerulus (correct)

In which part of the kidney does the filtration primarily occur?

  • Medulla
  • Cortex (correct)
  • Pelvis
  • Ureter

What is the role of Bowman's Capsule in the nephron?

<p>To surround the glomerulus and collect filtered fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substances are included in the filtrate that flows into the Bowman's capsule?

<p>Water, salts, urea, glucose, and amino acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the kidneys control the composition of the blood?

<p>By filtering impurities and releasing hormones as needed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is involved in the reabsorption of water and salts back into the capillaries?

<p>Osmosis and active transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the removal of waste is incorrect?

<p>Red blood cells are filtered out of the urine. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ureter?

<p>To transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which components are generally reabsorbed back into the bloodstream?

<p>Glucose, water, amino acids, and some salts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of keratin produced by the epidermis?

<p>To make the skin watertight and protect from UV rays (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the urinary system is responsible for transporting urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

<p>Ureter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do protozoa primarily excrete waste?

<p>By diffusion through the cell membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the skin is made up of elastic connective tissue?

<p>Dermis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does the contractile vacuole serve in unicellular organisms?

<p>Forces excess water out of the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sphincter muscles related to the bladder?

<p>To prevent urine from leaking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the bladder is false?

<p>The bladder stores metabolic wastes for long periods. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do the nerves in the bladder play?

<p>They alert a person when it is time to urinate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the urethra do in relation to the bladder?

<p>It carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a metabolic waste product?

<p>Urea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which waste product is primarily excreted by the lungs during cellular respiration?

<p>Carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the liver in the excretory system?

<p>Breaks down red blood cells and converts ammonia into urea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do sweat glands contribute to excretion?

<p>They secrete water, salts, and a small amount of urea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to excess amino acids in the body?

<p>They are broken down, and the ammonia is converted into urea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of perspiration through sweat glands?

<p>To regulate body temperature and remove some wastes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the function of the kidney's cortex?

The outer portion of the kidney responsible for filtering waste products from the blood.

What are nephrons?

Tiny filtering units within the kidneys that remove waste products from the blood.

What is a glomerulus?

A network of capillaries within a nephron that filters blood.

What is a renal tubule?

A small tube that collects filtered material from the glomerulus and carries it to the collecting ducts.

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What is Bowman's capsule?

A cup-shaped structure that surrounds the glomerulus and collects filtered material.

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What is the epidermis?

The outermost layer of skin, made of epithelial cells that produce keratin for waterproofing and UV protection.

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What is the dermis?

The layer of skin beneath the epidermis, composed of connective tissue that anchors the skin to bone and muscle.

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How do single-celled organisms excrete waste?

Unicellular organisms use diffusion and passive transport to move waste out of their cell membranes. They also use a contractile vacuole to pump excess water out.

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What are the major components of the urinary system?

The urinary system is made of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

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What is the function of each part of the urinary system?

Kidneys filter waste from the blood, ureters transport urine to the bladder, the bladder stores urine, and the urethra releases urine from the body.

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Filtration in the kidneys

The process where the kidney filters waste products from the blood into the Bowman's capsule.

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How urine forms

Waste products like urea, water and excess substances form urine as they travel through the nephron.

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Reabsorption: What happens after filtration

Glucose, water, amino acids, and some salts are reabsorbed back into the capillaries after filtration.

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What is reabsorption?

The process where essential substances are moved from the filtrate back into the bloodstream.

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What is the Ureter?

A narrow tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

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What is the bladder?

A triangle-shaped, hollow organ located in the lower abdomen that stores urine.

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What are sphincter muscles in the bladder?

Circular muscles that surround the bladder opening and tighten to prevent urine leakage.

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How do nerves help in urination?

Nerves in the bladder signal when it's full, prompting a person to urinate.

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What are excretory wastes?

Salts, carbon dioxide, and water, all produced by the body's functions.

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What is the role of the lungs in excretion?

The lungs are responsible for expelling carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and other waste products generated by cellular respiration, the process of energy production in cells.

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What is the liver's role in removing excess amino acids?

The liver plays a crucial role in eliminating excess amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. It breaks down these amino acids, removes ammonia ($NH_3$), a toxic byproduct, and converts it into urea, a less harmful compound. Urea is then transported to the kidneys for excretion.

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How do sweat glands contribute to excretion?

Sweat glands release waste products, including water, salts, and a small amount of urea, through pores on the skin. This process is called perspiration and helps regulate body temperature.

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How is urea involved in excretion?

Besides the liver's role in urea formation and the kidneys' involvement in filtering urea from the bloodstream, sweat glands also contribute to urea excretion by releasing a small amount of it through perspiration.

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What other important roles does the liver play besides amino acid removal?

In addition to eliminating excess amino acids, the liver is also responsible for breaking down old red blood cells and detoxifying harmful substances in the body.

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Study Notes

Kidneys (Filters the Blood)

  • Remove urea from the blood
  • Regulate the concentration of substances such as water in the body
  • Controlled by hormones released in response to the composition of the blood

Kidney Structure

  • Cortex - the outer portion responsible for filtration
  • Medulla - made up of tubes called collecting ducts that carry filtered material
  • Nephrons - consists of a network of capillaries called glomeruli and a small tube called a renal tubule
  • Glomerulus is a cup-shaped structure called Bowman's Capsule

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Description

This quiz explores the functions and structures of the kidneys and the urinary system. It covers the nephron's filtration process, the roles of organs involved in waste removal, and the overall mechanisms regulating blood composition. Test your knowledge on human anatomy and physiology!

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