Urinary System Overview

What is the term for the absence of urine production?

Oliguria
Anuria (correct)
Polyuria
Nephrolithiasis

Which substance found in urine indicates the body is using fat for energy or has a low-carb diet?

Proteins
Nitrates
Ketones (correct)
Leukocytes

What is the amount of solutes in urine called?

Leukocytes
Nitrates
Specific gravity (correct)
Ketones

What is the function of the nephron in the kidney?

To filter blood and create filtrate (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition results from renal disease causing little urine production?

Oliguria (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of leukocytes in urine indicate?

Urinary tract infection (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Loop of Henle in the nephron?

Reabsorb water and some sodium (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of urea in the Loop of Henle?

Rids the body of nitrogen (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone increases the number of sodium pumps in the DCT?

Aldosterone (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Calcitriol in calcium recovery?

Enhances calcium recovery through calcium binding proteins (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does ADH affect urine production?

Decreases urine production (D) Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the release of Endothelins in the kidneys?

Angiotensin 2 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the role of vitamin D in the body?

Vitamin D is a hormone responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of erythropoietin (EPO) produced by the kidneys?

Increasing red blood cell production in response to low oxygen levels or exercise (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones or substances is NOT involved in the regulation of blood pressure by the kidneys?

Erythropoietin (EPO) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct regarding the role of the kidneys in regulating osmolarity?

The kidneys regulate osmolarity by balancing water and solutes in the bloodstream. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the filtration of drugs by the kidneys is accurate?

Small drugs and hormones can be filtered out and reabsorbed, while large drug molecules cannot be filtered. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the female and male urethras is correct?

The female urethra is more susceptible to infections due to its shorter length. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended bladder capacity for optimal urinary function?

The bladder should be emptied to as close to 0 mL as possible. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the ureters is correct?

The ureters are about 30 cm long. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of cardiac output is received by the kidneys while at rest?

25% (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why does the right kidney sit a little lower than the left kidney?

Due to the placement of the liver. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the fenestrations in the capillaries of the nephrons is correct?

Fenestrations keep large objects like cells and proteins from passing into the nephrons. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the macula densa?

All of the above. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the nephron?

Bowman's capsule (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of aquaporin channel proteins in the collecting ducts?

They allow water to be reabsorbed into the interstitial spaces. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern if too many proteins get into the urine?

Systemic edema (A) Signup and view all the answers