Urinary System and Urinalysis Quiz

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What is the term for the absence of urine production?

Polyuria

Leukocyturia

Anuria (correct)

Oliguria

Which substance in urine indicates that the body is using fat for energy or the diet is low in carbs and proteins?

Glucose

Nitrates

Leukocytes

Ketones (correct)

What does the finding of leukocytes in urine typically indicate?

Urinary tract infection (correct)

Bleeding

Dehydration

High protein diet

What is the function of the urethra in the excretory system?

Transport urine from the bladder outside the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for producing an abnormally large amount of urine?

Polyuria Signup and view all the answers

What does a high intake of meats typically do to the pH of urine?

Lower pH Signup and view all the answers

What is the active form of vitamin D that is needed to regulate calcium in the blood?

Calcitriol Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for urination?

Micturition Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing erythrocyte production in response to low oxygen levels?

Erythropoietin (EPO) Signup and view all the answers

Which section of the male urethra must pass through the prostate gland?

None of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when vitamin D undergoes hydroxylation in the kidney to become active?

Hydroxylation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a juxtaglomerular cell in response to ATP and adenosine?

Secrete renin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT involved in regulating blood pressure according to the text?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

What happens if osmolarity is high in the renal system?

Cells contract to form less urine and retain fluid Signup and view all the answers

Where does the ureter carry urine to?

Bladder Signup and view all the answers

Why do some scientists propose that vitamin D should be referred to as a hormone rather than a vitamin?

Because it has receptors in almost all cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ADH in the renal system?

Causes aquaporin channels to pull water back for reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron has many microvilli for absorption and secretion?

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) Signup and view all the answers

What does systemic edema indicate?

Excessive water retention in tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which component empties into a papilla in the kidney?

Collecting ducts Signup and view all the answers

Why is filtration rate significant in renal health?

Affects blood pressure regulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Loop of Henle in the nephron?

To recover water and some sodium Signup and view all the answers

What role does urea play in the kidney function?

Ridding the body of nitrogen Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone increases the number of sodium pumps in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?

Aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the final area in the kidney responsible for adjusting water and balancing osmolarity?

Collecting Ducts Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is also known as vasopressin and works to reabsorb water?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Signup and view all the answers

What happens if urine appears dark in color due to dehydration?

ADH is actively working Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism involves smooth muscle contraction or relaxation based on blood pressure and flow rate?

Myogenic mechanism Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone influences calcitriol to enhance calcium recovery and binding proteins production?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Signup and view all the answers

How do natriuretic hormones affect kidney function?

Inhibit aldosterone to promote sodium excretion Signup and view all the answers

What regulates acid and bases slowly in the body?

Kidneys Signup and view all the answers