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Questions and Answers
What is one of the primary functions of the urinary system?
What is one of the primary functions of the urinary system?
How many principal organs make up the urinary system?
How many principal organs make up the urinary system?
Which part of the kidney is primarily involved in urine collection?
Which part of the kidney is primarily involved in urine collection?
Which structure of the kidney contains functional units called nephrons?
Which structure of the kidney contains functional units called nephrons?
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What is the approximate filtration rate of plasma fluid from the glomerulus?
What is the approximate filtration rate of plasma fluid from the glomerulus?
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What structure is located at the medial surface of the kidney and allows for the entry and exit of various components?
What structure is located at the medial surface of the kidney and allows for the entry and exit of various components?
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Which part of the kidney is located higher than the other?
Which part of the kidney is located higher than the other?
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What is the primary component of the renal medulla?
What is the primary component of the renal medulla?
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What is the primary function of the bladder?
What is the primary function of the bladder?
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How long are the ureters typically?
How long are the ureters typically?
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What is the shape of the fundus vesicae?
What is the shape of the fundus vesicae?
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Which part of the urethra is the longest in males?
Which part of the urethra is the longest in males?
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Where does the renal artery arise from?
Where does the renal artery arise from?
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What regulates the passage of urine from the bladder to the external environment?
What regulates the passage of urine from the bladder to the external environment?
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What is the maximum urine capacity of the bladder?
What is the maximum urine capacity of the bladder?
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Which artery drains into the vena cava inferior?
Which artery drains into the vena cava inferior?
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Study Notes
Urinary System
- Kidneys filter blood and produce urine.
- In females, ovaries are near the kidneys.
- Urine travels from kidneys to the bladder.
- Kidneys are located in the upper part of the posterior abdominal wall, on either side of the vertebral column.
- The right kidney is positioned at the level of T12 to L3, while the left kidney is at the level of T11 to L2.
- The left kidney is situated higher than the right kidney.
- Kidneys take blood from abdominal aorta.
- The urinary system cleanses the blood of metabolic wastes.
- Kidneys consist of six organs: kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
- The urinary system serves to cleanse the blood and eliminate metabolic wastes.
- The urinary system comprises six principal organs: two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
- The urinary system's primary function is to filter blood, remove wastes, and eliminate them as urine.
Bladder
- The bladder is a reservoir for urine.
- It is positioned posterior to the symphysis pubis in females, and anterior to the uterus, and in males, it's anterior to the rectum.
- The normal capacity is 220 mL, but it can hold up to 500 mL of urine
- An empty bladder lies within the pelvis minor, but a full bladder can extend to the umbilicus.
- The bladder is located in the pelvis.
Ureters
- The ureters are channels that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
- They are 25-30 cm long
- They pass through the linea terminalis to enter the pelvis minor.
- Ureters travel along the pelvic wall to reach the bladder.
Urethra
- The urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
- It's significantly shorter in females (3-5 cm) than in males (15-20 cm).
- The urethra has a sphincter muscle internally and externally in both sexes.
Nephrons
- The kidneys are composed of functional units called nephrons.
- Each kidney contains over 1 million nephrons.
Stages of Urine Formation
- Filtration: Plasma fluid is passed into the glomerular capsule from the glomerulus, at a rate of 120 mL/min.
- Reabsorption: Useful substances are transported back into the bloodstream actively and passively.
- Excretion: Metabolic waste products are transferred from capillaries into the tubules, becoming part of the urine.
Blood Vessels
- Renal artery arises from the abdominal aorta.
- Renal vein drains into the inferior vena cava.
Components of the Urinary System
- Renal artery, segmental, interlobar, arcuate, interlobular, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole
- The hilum renale is a fissure on the medial surface of the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave.
Other Important Points
- The hilum renale opens medially to the sinus renalis, where calices minores et majores (renal pelvis), blood vessels, nerves, and adipose tissue are found.
- The cortex renalis is the outer one-third of the renal mass.
- The medulla renalis contains 8-18 pyramidal structures.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy and functions of the urinary system. This quiz covers the role of kidneys, their position in the body, and the components of the urinary system. Perfect for students studying human biology or anatomy.
