Human Anatomy: Urinary System Overview

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Where are the kidneys located in the body?

Intra-abdominal, at the level of L2 to L4 vertebrae

Subcutaneous, anterior to the abdominal cavity

Retroperitoneal, between T12 and L3 vertebrae (correct)

Intrathoracic, adjacent to the lungs

What is the primary reason the right kidney is positioned lower than the left kidney?

It is closer to the heart

The presence of major blood vessels

The diaphragm limits its position

The liver pushes it slightly downward (correct)

What is the approximate size of an adult kidney?

5 inches long and 3 inches wide

3 inches long and 2.5 inches wide

4 inches long and 2.2 inches wide (correct)

6 inches long and 2 inches wide

What structure serves as the entry and exit point for the renal artery, vein, lymphatics, and ureters?

Hilum Signup and view all the answers

What is the average weight of a kidney in ounces?

5.5 ounces Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ureters?

To propel urine from kidneys to the bladder Signup and view all the answers

What substance is primarily eliminated by the urinary system as a waste product?

Urea Signup and view all the answers

What is the lining of the ureters made of?

Transitional epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What complication can arise from kidney stones impacting the ureters?

Hydronephrosis Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone produced by the urinary system is responsible for stimulating red blood cell production?

Erythropoietin Signup and view all the answers

How does the urinary system help maintain fluid and electrolyte balance?

By balancing water, sodium, potassium, and chloride levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length of the ureters?

12 inches Signup and view all the answers

What role does renin play in the urinary system?

Regulates blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which muscular action is used by the ureters to move urine?

Peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

Which function of the urinary system supports acid-base balance?

Excretion of hydrogen ions and reabsorption of bicarbonate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the detrusor muscle in the bladder?

Contracting during urination Signup and view all the answers

How does the length of the male urethra compare to the length of the female urethra?

The male urethra is longer. Signup and view all the answers

What structure forms the triangular area in the bladder known as the trigone?

The opening of the urethra and two ureters Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum urine capacity of the bladder?

1 liter Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the external urethral sphincter?

Voluntary muscle controlling urine release Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the glomerulus in the nephron?

Filters blood Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for collecting urine from the renal pyramids?

Renal Pelvis Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the kidney is primarily involved in the filtration process?

Renal Cortex Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the reabsorption process in the nephron?

Water and substances are returned to the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the renal capsule?

Surrounds the kidney for protection Signup and view all the answers

What happens during glomerular filtration?

Blood pressure pushes substances into Bowman's capsule. Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is primarily reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

During tubular secretion, which of the following is added to the filtrate?

Hydrogen ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the final pathway of urine after it has formed?

Collecting ducts, renal pelvis, urethra. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the filtrate composition during glomerular filtration?

Blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by the presence of blood in urine?

Hematuria Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder indicates a complete absence of urine production?

Anuria Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test is primarily used to detect infections and abnormal substances in urine?

Urinalysis (UA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of nephrolithiasis?

Mineral crystallization Signup and view all the answers

What does oliguria commonly indicate?

Signs of kidney failure Signup and view all the answers

What does a high level of BUN indicate?

Kidney dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging method is used to visualize the urinary tract using contrast dye?

IVP Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a creatinine clearance test?

To assess glomerular filtration rate Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure involves the direct removal of waste products from the blood for patients with kidney failure?

Hemodialysis Signup and view all the answers

What type of imaging does a KUB provide?

X-ray imaging without contrast Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of peritoneal dialysis?

To remove waste products from the blood Signup and view all the answers

How often is peritoneal dialysis typically performed each week?

Three times a week Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)?

It is a manual procedure done during the day. Signup and view all the answers

What is azotemia associated with?

Excess nitrogen in the blood Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes vesicoureteral reflux?

It involves the backflow of urine from the bladder to the ureters. Signup and view all the answers