32 Questions
What is the main function of the urinary (renal) system?
Regulates the volume, pressure, pH, and osmolarity of blood, and the concentration of different ions within the plasma
Where are the kidneys located in the body?
Retroperitoneal, with the right kidney lower than the left
What is the function of the renal hilum?
Entry/exit point for renal artery, renal vein, ureter, and nerves
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
What is the structure that extends through the major calyx into the renal medulla?
Renal columns
Which part of the nephron is responsible for reabsorption and secretion?
Proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule
What is the apex of each renal pyramid called?
Renal papilla
What collects the filtrate (urine) from the major and minor calyces?
Renal pelvis
What is the function of the epididymis?
Site of sperm storage and maturation
Where are the Leydig cells located?
In the connective tissue between the seminiferous tubules
Which structure runs through the prostate gland?
Prostatic urethra
What is the function of the seminal vesicles?
Secrete an alkaline fluid containing fructose to nourish the sperm
Where does spermatogenesis occur?
Seminiferous tubules
What is the function of the bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands?
Secrete thick alkaline mucus that neutralizes low pH of urine and lubricates the urethra
What is the composition of the seminal fluid?
Sperm and testicular fluid (5%), and secretions from accessory glands (95%)
What is the function of the corpus spongiosum?
Surrounds the urethra and forms the glans penis
What is the function of the corpus cavernosa?
Forms the bulk of the root/shaft of the penis
What is the role of the sustentacular (Sertoli) cells?
Surround, nourish, and protect developing gametes
What is the function of the tunica albuginea?
Inner capsule of connective tissue surrounding the testis
Where are the seminiferous tubules located?
Within the testes
Where does the juxtamedullary nephron originate?
Deep in the cortex
What type of cells encircle the glomerular capillaries in the renal corpuscle?
Podocytes
What is the main function of the proximal convoluted tubule?
Reabsorption of glucose and amino acids
What is the function of the macula densa in the juxtaglomerular complex?
Monitoring filtrate sodium levels
What type of cells are present in the collecting ducts for water and Na+ reabsorption?
Principal cells
What type of epithelium lines the mucosa of the ureters?
Transitional
What forms the fixed triangle called the trigone in the urinary bladder?
Ureters and urethra openings
What type of epithelium lines the mucosa of the urethra near the external opening?
Stratified squamous
What forms the internal urethral sphincter in the male reproductive system?
Smooth muscle at the base of the bladder
What are the structures responsible for producing secretions that support the gametes?
Accessory glands
Where are the Leydig cells located?
Between the seminiferous tubules
What is the structure that connects the nephron to the ureter?
Collecting duct
Test your knowledge of the urinary (renal) system with this quiz. Explore the anatomy and main functions of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. Challenge yourself with questions about the regulation of blood volume, pressure, pH, and waste elimination.
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