Urinary System Anatomy and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the urinary (renal) system?

  • Produces and releases urine
  • Controls the heart rate and blood pressure
  • Aids in digestion and absorption of nutrients
  • Regulates the volume, pressure, pH, and osmolarity of blood, and eliminates wastes (correct)

    • What supports and protects the kidneys?

  • Ribs and sternum
  • Diaphragm
  • Renal capsule, adipose capsule, and renal fascia (correct)
  • Intercostal muscles

    • What is the indentation on the medial surface of each kidney that serves as the entry/exit point for renal artery, vein, ureter, and nerves?

  • Renal cortex
  • Renal medulla
  • Renal hilum (correct)
  • Renal pelvis

    • What is the functional unit of the kidney and the site of urine formation?

    <p>Nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure collects filtrate (urine) from the major and minor calyces, and exits from each renal papillae?

    <p>Renal pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two components of the nephron?

    <p>Proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is the superficial layer of the kidney containing renal columns and pelvis?

    <p>Renal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the apex of each renal pyramid called?

    <p>Renal papilla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nephron is important for the production of dilute or concentrated urine?

    <p>Juxtamedullary nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the thick ascending limb in the nephron loop?

    <p>Actively reabsorbs ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the macula densa in the juxtaglomerular complex?

    <p>Monitors filtrate [salt]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the histological composition of the ureters?

    <p>Transitional epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle forms the internal urethral sphincter in males?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the detrusor muscle in the urinary bladder?

    <p>Contraction for urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the collecting ducts in the urinary system?

    <p>Reabsorption of water and Na+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique histology of the urethra in males?

    <p>Stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the point of contact between the DCT and afferent + efferent arterioles called?

    <p>Juxtaglomerular apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the thin descending limb in the nephron loop?

    <p>Highly water permeable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule in the nephron?

    <p>Reabsorbs all filtered glucose and amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vasa recta in the juxtamedullary nephrons?

    <p>Run parallel to the nephron loop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does sperm gain the ability to swim and is stored for maturation?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sustentacular (Sertoli) cells in the seminiferous tubules?

    <p>Surround, nourish, and protect developing gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells produce testosterone in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the seminal vesicles in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Secrete an alkaline fluid containing fructose to nourish the sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of semen upon ejaculation?

    <p>Sperm and testicular fluid (5%), and secretions from accessory glands (95%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the vas (ductus) deferens run upward into after looping over the posterior bladder?

    <p>Anterior pelvic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Secrete thick alkaline mucus that neutralizes low pH of urine and lubricates the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the corpus spongiosum in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Surround the urethra and form the glans penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does spermatogenesis occur within the male reproductive system?

    <p>Seminiferous tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique structure that covers the nucleus of a sperm and contains enzymes required to penetrate the secondary oocyte?

    <p>Acrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides ATP for movement in the midpiece of a sperm?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the urethra in the male reproductive system?

    <p>To allow the passage of urine and semen</p> Signup and view all the answers

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