Untitled Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of packet switching in a network?

To allocate resources for a end-to-end call between source and destination

To perform error-checking on incoming packets

To manage the transmission rate of data over a fiber optic link

To forward packets from a router's input link to an appropriate output link (correct)

What is the term for the process of determining the path that packets will take through a network?

Forwarding

Switching

Queuing

Routing (correct)

What is the primary function of a protocol in a network?

To allocate resources for a end-to-end call between source and destination

To manage the transmission rate of data over a fiber optic link

To perform error-checking on incoming packets

To define the format and order of messages sent and received among network entities (correct)

What is the term for the collection of devices, routers, and links that are managed by an organization?

A network Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the arrival rate of packets to a link exceeds the transmission rate of the link?

Packets are queued and transmitted when the link becomes available Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of moving packets from a router's input link to an appropriate output link?

Forwarding Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the links that connect devices and routers in a network?

Communication links Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of circuit switching in a network?

To allocate resources for a end-to-end call between source and destination Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the devices that forward packets in a network?

Packet switches Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of layering in a network architecture?

To enable each layer to focus on a specific service Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the networks that are connected to the Internet?

ISP networks Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the gate service in the airline travel example?

To load and unload passengers Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between layers in a network architecture?

Each layer relies on services provided by the layer below Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the routing service in the airline travel example?

To determine the route of an airplane Signup and view all the answers

What is the system of airline travel an example of?

A series of steps, involving many services Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of breaking down a system into layers?

To enable each layer to focus on a specific service Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ticketing service in the airline travel example?

To manage ticket purchases and complaints Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of each layer in a network architecture?

Each layer implements a service via its own internal-layer actions Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of modularization in system design?

It enables change in one layer's service implementation without affecting the rest of the system Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the Internet protocol stack is responsible for routing datagrams from source to destination?

Network layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the transport layer in the Internet protocol stack?

To provide reliable data transfer between processes Signup and view all the answers

What is encapsulation in the context of network protocols?

The process of adding headers to data packets at each layer Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a link layer protocol?

Ethernet Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the physical layer in the Internet protocol stack?

To transmit bits over physical media Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the application layer in the Internet protocol stack?

To support network applications Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using a layered reference model for discussing complex systems?

It enables easier identification and relationship of system components Signup and view all the answers

What is the ISO/OSI reference model?

A model used for designing and implementing computer networks Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the Internet protocol stack and the OSI/ISO reference model?

The OSI/ISO reference model has two additional layers Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

General Review and Network Layers

The Internet consists of billions of connected computing devices, including hosts, packet switches, and communication links.
Hosts are end systems that run network applications, and packet switches forward packets (chunks of data) between devices.
Communication links include fiber, copper, radio, and satellite connections, and transmission rate is measured in bandwidth.
Networks are collections of devices, routers, and links managed by an organization, and protocols define the format and order of messages sent and received among network entities.

Two Key Network-Core Functions

Forwarding (also known as switching) is the local action of moving arriving packets from a router's input link to the appropriate output link.
Routing is the global action of determining the source-destination path taken by packets, and routing algorithms are used to determine the best path.

Packet-Switching and Queueing

Packet-switching is a method of transmitting data in packets, and routers use a queue to store packets waiting for transmission if the arrival rate exceeds the transmission rate.
Packet loss can occur if the buffer in the router fills up.

Alternative to Packet Switching: Circuit Switching

Circuit switching is a method of allocating end-to-end resources for a "call" between a source and destination, and requires dedicated hardware and software.

Layering and Encapsulation

Layering is an approach to designing complex systems, allowing for the identification and relationship of system components.
Layering enables modularization, easing maintenance and updating of the system.
The Internet protocol stack consists of five layers: application, transport, network, link, and physical.
Each layer implements a service, and encapsulation occurs when a layer adds a header to the data received from the layer above.
The process of encapsulation is similar to the concept of Matryoshka dolls, where each layer adds a header to the data.

OSI/ISO Reference Model

The OSI/ISO reference model consists of seven layers, with two additional layers not found in the Internet protocol stack.

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