Untitled Quiz

10 Questions

Match the philosopher with their contribution to the field of philosophy:

Pico, Giovanni = Believed humans have the potential to change themselves and the world Montaigne, Michel de = Believed there was no objective way of distinguishing among various claims of truth Luther, Martin = Attacked corruption within the church and Aristotle's philosophy Petrarch, Francesco = Urged study of classical wisdom for its own sake

Match the scientific concept with its definition:

Induction = The method of reasoning that moves from general to particular Primary qualities = Attributes of physical objects that exist independently of perception Innate ideas = Ideas that Descartes believed were placed in the mind by God Intuition = The process by which clear and distinct ideas are discovered through introspection

Match the philosopher with their philosophical view:

Pico, Giovanni = Dualism Montaigne, Michel de = Positivism Luther, Martin = Interactionism Petrarch, Francesco = Interactionism

Match the scientist with their discovery:

Kepler, Johannes = Law of motion Newton, Isaac = Elliptical paths of planets around the Sun Galileo = Elliptical paths of planets around the Sun

Match the term with its definition:

Idols of the tribe = Error resulting from accepting traditional meanings of words Idols of the marketplace = Biases resulting from human's natural tendency to view the world selectively Idols of the cave = Personal biases resulting from one's personal characteristics or experiences Idols of the theater = Inhibition of objective inquiry resulting from accepting dogma or authority

Match the following philosophers with their contributions:

Francis Bacon = Advocated for inductive, practical science Giordano Bruno = Accepted Hermetism and Copernicus's heliocentric theory Desiderius Erasmus = Opposed fanaticism and superstition Marsilio Ficino = Founded a Platonic academy

Match the following astronomers with their contributions:

Aristarchus of Samos = Proposed that the planets, including the Earth, rotate around the Sun Nicolaus Copernicus = Proposed that the Earth rotates around the Sun Galileo = Showed that several of Aristotle's 'truths' were false Giordano Bruno = Accepted Copernicus's heliocentric theory

Match the following philosophical concepts with their descriptions:

Deism = The belief that God created the universe and then abandoned it Dualist = A person who believes that a person consists of two separate entities: a mind and a body Humanism = A viewpoint that emphasized individualism, personal relationship with God Deduction = The method of reasoning by which conclusions must follow from certain assumptions

Match the following theories with their descriptions:

Geocentric theory = The theory that the Sun and planets rotate around the Earth Heliocentric theory = The theory that the planets, including the Earth, rotate around the Sun Animal Spirits = The substance that Descartes believed was located in the cavities of the brain Hermetism = A philosophical movement that emphasized individualism and personal relationship with God

Match the following philosophers with their views:

Rene Descartes = Believed that much human behavior can be explained mechanically Giordano Bruno = Accepted Copernicus's heliocentric theory and was burned at the stake Desiderius Erasmus = Argued for human free will and opposed fanaticism and superstition Marsilio Ficino = Sought to do for Plato's philosophy what Scholastics had done for Aristotle's

Study Notes

Major Philosophers and Their Beliefs

Francis Bacon advocated for an inductive, practical science that was free from theoretical influences.
Giordano Bruno accepted Hermetism and Copernicus's heliocentric theory, but was burned at the stake for his beliefs.
René Descartes believed that much human behavior can be explained mechanically, and that the mind and body are separate but interacting entities.
Desiderius Erasmus opposed fanaticism and superstition, and argued for human free will.
Marsilio Ficino founded a Platonic academy and sought to do for Plato's philosophy what Scholastics had done for Aristotle's.
Galileo showed that several of Aristotle's "truths" were false and extended the known number of bodies in the solar system.
Johannes Kepler determined the elliptical paths of planets around the Sun through observation and mathematical deduction.
Martin Luther attacked corruption within the church and Aristotle's philosophy, and argued for a return to personal religion.
Michel de Montaigne believed there was no objective way of distinguishing among various claims of truth.
Isaac Newton extended Galileo's work by showing that all physical phenomena could be explained by his law of gravitation.
Francesco Petrarch attacked Scholasticism and urged study of classical wisdom for its own sake.
Giovanni Pico believed humans have the potential to change themselves and the world.

Scientific Theories

Geocentric theory: The Earth is at the center of the solar system, and the Sun and planets rotate around it.
Heliocentric theory: The planets, including the Earth, rotate around the Sun.

Key Concepts

Animal spirits: The substance believed to be located in the cavities of the brain and moved via the nerves to the muscles, causing behavior.
Deism: The belief that God created the universe and then abandoned it, with no further involvement.
Deduction: The method of reasoning by which conclusions must follow from certain assumptions or principles.
Dualism: The belief that a person consists of two separate entities: a mind and a body.
Humanism: A viewpoint that emphasized individualism, personal relationship with God, interest in classical wisdom, and negative attitude toward Aristotle's philosophy.
Induction: The method of reasoning that moves from particular to general.
Innate ideas: Ideas that Descartes believed were placed in the mind by God, such as perfection and axioms of geometry.
Interactionism: The version of dualism that accepts the separate existence of a mind and body and claims that they interact.
Intuition: The process by which clear and distinct ideas are discovered through introspection.
Positivism: The belief that only objects or events that can be experienced directly should be studied scientifically.
Primary qualities: Attributes of physical objects that exist independently of perception, such as size, shape, and number.
Protestantism: The religious movement that denied authority of the pope and Aristotle's philosophy, and argued for simple, personal religion.

Idols of the Mind

Idols of the cave: Personal biases resulting from one's personal characteristics or experiences.
Idols of the marketplace: Error resulting from accepting traditional meanings of words.
Idols of the theater: Inhibition of objective inquiry resulting from accepting dogma or authority.
Idols of the tribe: Biases resulting from human's natural tendency to view the world selectively.

Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards

Convert your notes into interactive study material.