70 Questions
What is the primary goal of genomics in disease control?
To characterize pathogens and help control the disease they cause
What is the primary advantage of laboratory automation?
It reduces the time and increases the throughput of samples
What is the first antibody to appear in most patients after exposure?
IgM
What is the primary application of WGA in SARSCov-2 surveillance?
Surveillance of VOI and VOC
What is the primary purpose of serodiagnosis?
To detect the presence of antibodies in a patient's serum
What is syndromic testing used for?
To diagnose a range of infectious diseases
What is multiplex PCR used for?
To amplify several DNA sequences simultaneously
What is the benefit of using ELISA in immune assays?
It is a highly sensitive and specific test
What is the primary limitation of syndromic testing?
It is expensive
What is the primary advantage of indirect diagnosis?
It is used to detect the presence of antibodies in a patient's serum
What is the primary reason for diagnosing an infection?
To determine the infectious agent
What is the purpose of infection control in relation to diagnosis?
To prevent the spread of infection
What type of sample can be collected for laboratory tests?
Various types including blood, saliva, urine, pus, and feces
Why is it essential to minimize specimen contamination during collection?
To obtain accurate test results
What is the importance of collecting sufficient quantity of specimens?
To allow for complete microbiologic examination
Why is it essential to determine the type of infection?
To determine the appropriate treatment and management
What is the primary purpose of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF)?
To identify the species of microorganisms through protein peak analysis
What is the process by which protein molecules are converted into ions in the gas phase in MALDI-TOF?
A laser strikes the sample
What is the principle behind the measurement of time of flight in MALDI-TOF?
Lighter ions take less time to travel to the detector
What is the primary role of the matrix solution in MALDI-TOF?
To allow the sample to dry
What is the primary advantage of using MALDI-TOF for microbial identification?
It is a rapid and accurate method for identifying microorganisms
What is the primary limitation of colony and cellular morphology in microbial identification?
It may not provide a definitive identification
What is the primary advantage of using serology in diagnostic methods?
It can provide indirect evidence of past infection or vaccination
What is the primary application of genomics in disease control?
To characterize pathogens and help control the disease they cause
What is the primary advantage of multiplex PCR?
It can detect multiple DNA sequences simultaneously
What is the primary goal of syndromic testing?
To provide a rapid diagnosis of common infectious diseases
What is the primary limitation of syndromic testing?
It is a costly approach
What is the primary role of IgM in immune assays?
To appear first in most patients after exposure
What is the most suitable diagnostic test for a 26-year-old teacher who has been in contact with a measles case at school?
Both Measles IgM and IgG
What is the significance of a negative Measles IgM and a positive Measles IgG result in the teacher?
The patient is immune to measles
What type of sample is required to diagnose a sore throat caused by Streptococcus pyogenes?
Charcoal swab
What is the characteristic of Streptococcus pyogenes growth on blood agar?
Beta haemolysis
What is the appropriate antibiotic choice for treating pharyngitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes?
Penicillin or amoxicillin
What is the significance of a positive Lancefield group A result in a throat swab?
It indicates the presence of Streptococcus pyogenes
What is essential when collecting specimens for microbiologic examination?
Obtaining enough tissue for both histopathologic and microbiologic examination
What is the purpose of selective media in microbiologic diagnosis?
To permit the isolation of specific types of microorganisms
Which of the following is a direct diagnosis method?
Immunofluorescence
What is a key consideration when diagnosing infections in the lab?
How fast do we need the result?
What is an additional step in microbial identification?
Colony and cellular morphology
What is the purpose of antimicrobial susceptibility testing?
To determine the best treatment option
The GI tract is essentially a long ______, ascending from the mouth to the anus.
tube
The GI tract is heavily colonised with ______ and viruses and encounters millions of new ones every day.
microorganisms
All intestinal surfaces are coated with layers of ______, which provides mechanical protection.
mucus
The muscular surfaces of the GI tract ensures movement termed ______.
peristalsis
Various fluids in the GI tract also have ______ properties.
antimicrobial
Normal ______ is also vitally important to prevent infection.
flora
The respiratory system is the most commonly infected ______ system.
human
Health care providers will see more respiratory infections than any other type of ______.
infection
The respiratory tract is divided into two ______ tracts: upper and lower.
respiratory
The upper respiratory tract includes the ______, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx.
nasal
Respiratory pathogens can be transmitted from human to human and can ______ within a community.
circulate
Some respiratory pathogens exist as part of the normal ______ flora.
human
The respiratory viruses that most commonly circulate in all continents as endemic or epidemic agents are ______ virus and others.
influenza
Respiratory Syncytial Virus is an ______ RNA virus and belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family.
enveloped
The very young (under ______ year of age) and the elderly are at the greatest risk of developing severe disease.
1
Diagnosis is typically made via ______-transcription real-time PCR (RNA) or RT-PCR (DNA).
reverse
Children born prematurely, or with underlying ______ lung disease, are also at increased risk of developing severe disease.
chronic
Monitored by UKHSA, outbreaks of seasonal ______/Influenza occur every year.
RSV
Lower respiratory tract infection can be caused by a virus or so-called ‘atypical’ bacteria, including ______ pneumoniae.
Mycoplasma
Nosocomial pneumonia usually occurs approximately ______ hours after admission to hospital.
48
Aspiration pneumonia is a major problem in ______ patients.
hospital
Community-acquired pneumonia usually presents as a ______ pneumonia.
lobar
Staphylococcus aureus is usually associated with ______ pneumonia.
Nosocomial
Fluid losses of nearly 1 litre per hour have been reported in severe cases of a disease, and an untreated patient can lose up to 50% of ______ during the course of the disease.
body weight
Don’t forget about ______-2 in lower respiratory tract infections.
SARS-CoV
The voided fluid contains flecks of ______, giving the description of ‘rice-water stool’.
mucus
______ Spp Thioshulphate citrate bile salts (TCBS) Agar is used for the selective isolation of cholera vibrios and Vibrio parahaemolyticus from a variety of clinical and nonclinical specimens.
Vibrio
Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive, ______ rod-shaped bacterium found as part of the normal intestinal biota.
endosporeforming
The predominant symptoms of C. difficile is ______, with abdominal cramps, fever and leucocytosis in more severe cases.
diarrhoea
Gastritis is experienced as a sharp or burning ______ emanating from the upper abdomen.
pain
This quiz covers the importance of diagnosing infectious diseases, determining the infectious agent, and managing infections. It also discusses infection control and diagnostic questions. Test your knowledge of infectious disease diagnosis!
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