33 Questions
What is the main function of memory cells in the immune system?
Providing rapid response upon re-encountering the same antigen
During secondary response, what class switching occurs from IgM to which antibody?
IgG
What is the first signal required for T cell activation?
Antigen recognition by a T-cell receptor (TCR)
Which proteins interact with MHC antigens on T cells to help maintain TCR-MHC coupling?
CD4 or CD8 proteins
What is the role of Th cells in the activation process of T cells?
Confirming and activating Tc cells
Which antibody type is secreted into mucus, providing greater coverage?
IgA
What happens upon rapid proliferation of memory cells encountering the same antigen?
Effective protection against the pathogen
Where do B cells reside when they are activated?
Spleen
Which type of cells deals with pathogens in the immune response?
T cytotoxic cells
What is the main function of T cytotoxic cells?
Deal with pathogens
Where are memory cells primed to rapidly respond in the future?
Spleen
What is the function of effector cells in the immune system?
Deal with pathogens
Which tissue is considered part of the mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)?
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue
What happens upon activation of lymphocytes during clonal expansion?
They produce many clones
How do B cells get activated in the immune response?
By recognizing antigens on APCs
What is the primary function of B cells during clonal expansion?
Produce many clones
Where do B cells primarily reside when they undergo activation?
Lymph nodes
What is the main function of T helper cells in the immune response?
Regulate immune responses
Where are memory cells primed for rapid future responses?
Spleen
What is the function of effector cells in the immune system?
Deal with pathogens directly
Which type of cells undergo clonal expansion upon activation?
B cells
What type of cells recognize specific antigens and undergo clonal expansion?
B cells
What is the primary site for antigen presentation to lymphocytes?
Lymph nodes
Explain the process of clonal expansion of lymphocytes.
Upon activation, lymphocytes proliferate and produce many clones, each with the original recognition sequence.
Where do B cells reside during clonal expansion?
B cells reside in lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT).
What is the primary function of T helper cells in the immune response?
T helper cells assist in the activation process of other immune cells, enhancing the immune response.
Describe the role of memory cells in the immune system.
Memory cells are primed to proliferate rapidly upon encountering the same antigen in the future.
Where are memory cells primed to rapidly respond in the future?
Memory cells are primed in lymphoid tissues to respond rapidly during future encounters with the same antigen.
What happens upon activation of lymphocytes during clonal expansion?
Lymphocytes proliferate to produce many clones, each retaining the original recognition sequence.
Explain the function of T cytotoxic cells in the immune system.
T cytotoxic cells are responsible for dealing with pathogens by directly killing infected cells.
What is the primary site for antigen presentation to lymphocytes?
The lymph nodes are the primary site for antigen presentation to lymphocytes.
Where do B cells primarily reside when they undergo activation?
B cells primarily reside in lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue when they undergo activation.
Describe the process of B cell activation in the immune response.
B cells get activated when an antigen is presented to them or detected by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs).
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