30 Questions
What is the characteristic of the double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids?
They are nearly always in the cis configuration
What is the effect of introducing a cis double bond in a fatty acid?
It causes the acid to bend or 'kink' at that position
What is the relationship between the number of double bonds and the melting point of a fatty acid?
The more double bonds, the lower the melting point
What is the characteristic of the length of the hydrocarbon tail and the melting point of a fatty acid?
As the length increases, the melting point increases
What is the role of α-Linolenic acid (plant omega-3) in the body?
It is a precursor of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
What is the central architectural feature of biological membranes?
A double layer of lipids
What is the primary function of bile acids in the intestine?
To emulsify dietary fats
What is the role of cholesterol in myelin sheath?
To provide insulation for efficient conduction of impulses
What is the precursor molecule for the synthesis of vitamin D and steroid hormones?
Cholesterol
What is the primary source of acetyl-CoA for cholesterol synthesis?
β-oxidation of fatty acids
What is the first step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol?
Biosynthesis of mevalonate
What is the target of statins in cholesterol synthesis?
HMG-CoA reductase
In which tissue are maximum amounts of glycolipids found?
Nervous tissue
What is the role of gangliosides in the body?
Receptor for certain toxins and pathogens
What is the origin of the five-carbon ring in prostaglandins?
Arachidonic acid
What is the effect of PGE and PGI on blood pressure?
Decrease peripheral resistance
Which of the following is a function of prostaglandins?
Inflammatory mediator
What is the origin of the name 'prostaglandin'?
Prostate gland
What serves as an intracellular second messenger system in cells?
Inositol triphosphate and diacyl glycerol
What is the primary function of sphingolipids in cells?
To anchor certain proteins to the cell
What is the characteristic of sphingolipids that distinguishes them from other membrane lipids?
They contain no glycerol
What is the characteristic of cerebrosides and globosides?
They have no charge at pH 7
What is the characteristic of gangliosides?
They have oligosaccharides as their polar head groups
What is the common component of sphingolipids?
Ceramide
What is the product of the phosphorylation and decarboxylation of mevalonate?
Isopentenyl diphosphate
What is the result of the condensation reaction between geranyl pyrophosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate?
Farnesyl diphosphate
What is the enzyme responsible for converting squalene to 2,3-oxidosqualene?
Squalene epoxidase
What is the immediate product of the cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene?
Lanosterol
Where does the formation of cholesterol from lanosterol take place?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the result of the condensation of two molecules of farnesyl diphosphate?
Squalene
Test your knowledge on the characteristics of unsaturated fatty acids, including their structure, double bonds, and melting point. Learn how the presence of double bonds affects the fatty acid molecule and its properties.
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