Biochemistry: Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids
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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of cis-double bonds on the hydrocarbon chain of fatty acids?

  • Has no effect on the structure of the hydrophobic tail of fatty acids
  • Results in a linear structure of the hydrophobic tail of fatty acids
  • Increases Van der Waal's and hydrophobic interaction between alkyl side chains
  • Causes a 'kink' or 'bend' in the structure of the hydrophobic tail of fatty acids (correct)

    • What is the difference between the melting points of stearate and oleate?

  • The melting point of stearate is not related to the melting point of oleate
  • Stearate and oleate have the same melting point
  • Oleate has a higher melting point than stearate
  • Stearate has a higher melting point than oleate (correct)

    • What is the function of triglycerides in the body?

  • Cell signaling
  • Long-term energy storage (correct)
  • Structural component of membranes
  • Short-term energy storage

    • What is the health concern associated with artificial trans-fatty acids?

    <p>They increase the risk of cardiovascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

    <p>Saturated fatty acids have single bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of fatty acids that determines their saturation or unsaturation?

    <p>The presence of carbon-carbon double bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of triglycerides in cells?

    <p>Energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of phospholipids?

    <p>They have a non-polar end and a polar end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fatty acid?

    <p>The presence of carbon-carbon double bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lipids in cells, apart from energy storage?

    <p>As structural components of cell membranes, hormones, and vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of unsaturated fatty acids?

    <p>They have one or more double bonds between carbons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of phospholipids in cells?

    <p>They form the plasma membranes of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general term for a fatty acid with at least one bond in a trans configuration?

    <p>Trans fatty acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of triglycerides in the body?

    <p>To store energy for long-term use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of fatty acids that are solid at room temperature?

    <p>They have no double bonds between carbons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of steroids?

    <p>Four fused carbon rings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of waxes in the body?

    <p>Protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of phospholipids that allows them to maintain membrane fluidity across a range of temperatures?

    <p>Kinks in their tails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common characteristic of steroids and other lipids?

    <p>They are all amphipathic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of cholesterol in the body?

    <p>It is a precursor molecule for several other steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of HDL cholesterol in the body?

    <p>To absorb cholesterol in the blood and carry it back to the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of high levels of LDL cholesterol on the body?

    <p>It raises the risk of heart disease and stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of lipids in an aqueous environment?

    <p>They are insoluble in water and form structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary force driving the formation of lipid bilayers?

    <p>Hydrophobic interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between lipids and biological membranes?

    <p>Lipids are a major component of biological membranes and form lipid bilayers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fatty acid makes membranes more rigid?

    <p>Saturated fatty acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe LDL cholesterol?

    <p>Bad cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of animal membranes that distinguishes them from plant membranes?

    <p>Presence of cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased heat on membranes?

    <p>Increased disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of membranes is the most fluid?

    <p>Prokaryotic membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the fluid mosaic model of biological membranes?

    <p>Lateral motion of components in the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cholesterol in biological membranes?

    <p>To decrease the fluidity of membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of proteins are bound by electrostatic interactions and can be removed by raising the ionic strength?

    <p>Peripheral proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of integral membrane proteins?

    <p>To act as receptor sites and sites of enzyme catalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of fatty acids that are solid at room temperature?

    <p>They have a high degree of saturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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