Biochemistry: Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids

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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of cis-double bonds on the hydrocarbon chain of fatty acids?

  • Has no effect on the structure of the hydrophobic tail of fatty acids
  • Results in a linear structure of the hydrophobic tail of fatty acids
  • Increases Van der Waal's and hydrophobic interaction between alkyl side chains
  • Causes a 'kink' or 'bend' in the structure of the hydrophobic tail of fatty acids (correct)

What is the difference between the melting points of stearate and oleate?

  • The melting point of stearate is not related to the melting point of oleate
  • Stearate and oleate have the same melting point
  • Oleate has a higher melting point than stearate
  • Stearate has a higher melting point than oleate (correct)

What is the function of triglycerides in the body?

  • Cell signaling
  • Long-term energy storage (correct)
  • Structural component of membranes
  • Short-term energy storage

What is the health concern associated with artificial trans-fatty acids?

<p>They increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

<p>Saturated fatty acids have single bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of fatty acids that determines their saturation or unsaturation?

<p>The presence of carbon-carbon double bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of triglycerides in cells?

<p>Energy storage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of phospholipids?

<p>They have a non-polar end and a polar end (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fatty acid?

<p>The presence of carbon-carbon double bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lipids in cells, apart from energy storage?

<p>As structural components of cell membranes, hormones, and vitamins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of unsaturated fatty acids?

<p>They have one or more double bonds between carbons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of phospholipids in cells?

<p>They form the plasma membranes of cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general term for a fatty acid with at least one bond in a trans configuration?

<p>Trans fatty acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of triglycerides in the body?

<p>To store energy for long-term use (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of fatty acids that are solid at room temperature?

<p>They have no double bonds between carbons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of steroids?

<p>Four fused carbon rings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of waxes in the body?

<p>Protection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of phospholipids that allows them to maintain membrane fluidity across a range of temperatures?

<p>Kinks in their tails (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common characteristic of steroids and other lipids?

<p>They are all amphipathic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of cholesterol in the body?

<p>It is a precursor molecule for several other steroids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of HDL cholesterol in the body?

<p>To absorb cholesterol in the blood and carry it back to the liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of high levels of LDL cholesterol on the body?

<p>It raises the risk of heart disease and stroke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of lipids in an aqueous environment?

<p>They are insoluble in water and form structures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary force driving the formation of lipid bilayers?

<p>Hydrophobic interaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between lipids and biological membranes?

<p>Lipids are a major component of biological membranes and form lipid bilayers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fatty acid makes membranes more rigid?

<p>Saturated fatty acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe LDL cholesterol?

<p>Bad cholesterol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of animal membranes that distinguishes them from plant membranes?

<p>Presence of cholesterol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased heat on membranes?

<p>Increased disorder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of membranes is the most fluid?

<p>Prokaryotic membranes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the fluid mosaic model of biological membranes?

<p>Lateral motion of components in the membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cholesterol in biological membranes?

<p>To decrease the fluidity of membranes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins are bound by electrostatic interactions and can be removed by raising the ionic strength?

<p>Peripheral proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of integral membrane proteins?

<p>To act as receptor sites and sites of enzyme catalysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of fatty acids that are solid at room temperature?

<p>They have a high degree of saturation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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