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Questions and Answers
Which specimen is least likely to be used for determining total protein levels?
Which specimen is least likely to be used for determining total protein levels?
Increased levels of which factor can falsely elevate the result of total protein determination?
Increased levels of which factor can falsely elevate the result of total protein determination?
Which lipoprotein is uniquely characterized by the presence of Apo B-48?
Which lipoprotein is uniquely characterized by the presence of Apo B-48?
Which enzyme identified below catalyzes the rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis?
Which enzyme identified below catalyzes the rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis?
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Which apolipoprotein is the major protein component specifically associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL)?
Which apolipoprotein is the major protein component specifically associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL)?
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Which triglyceride level is classified as 'very high' according to the NCEP ATP III guidelines?
Which triglyceride level is classified as 'very high' according to the NCEP ATP III guidelines?
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of secondary triglyceridemia?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of secondary triglyceridemia?
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What is the sensitivity of the cholesterol determination method?
What is the sensitivity of the cholesterol determination method?
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Which of the following samples is preferred for lipid determination?
Which of the following samples is preferred for lipid determination?
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What is considered the desirable cholesterol level in adults?
What is considered the desirable cholesterol level in adults?
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What is the primary lipoprotein responsible for transporting cholesterol to the liver for excretion or re-utilization?
What is the primary lipoprotein responsible for transporting cholesterol to the liver for excretion or re-utilization?
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Which fatty acid category primarily comprises 18 to 22 carbon atoms?
Which fatty acid category primarily comprises 18 to 22 carbon atoms?
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Which enzyme directly regulates the catalysis of HMG-CoA to mevalonate in cholesterol biosynthesis?
Which enzyme directly regulates the catalysis of HMG-CoA to mevalonate in cholesterol biosynthesis?
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What impact does pregnancy have on the determination of total protein levels in serum?
What impact does pregnancy have on the determination of total protein levels in serum?
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At what age are adult levels of total protein typically reached?
At what age are adult levels of total protein typically reached?
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Which type of fatty acid contains one or more double bonds in its hydrocarbon chain?
Which type of fatty acid contains one or more double bonds in its hydrocarbon chain?
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Which of the following conditions can lead to hypertriglyceridemia?
Which of the following conditions can lead to hypertriglyceridemia?
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Which class of lipoprotein is the lowest in terms of density?
Which class of lipoprotein is the lowest in terms of density?
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Which of the following lipoproteins is formed in the liver and carries endogenous triglycerides?
Which of the following lipoproteins is formed in the liver and carries endogenous triglycerides?
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Which class of lipoprotein is known as the major cholesterol carrier?
Which class of lipoprotein is known as the major cholesterol carrier?
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Calculate the serum HDL cholesterol for a 42-year-old patient given: Absorbance of the sample: 0.357, Absorbance of the standard/calibrator: 0.368, Concentration of the standard/calibrator: 50 mg/dL. What is the HDL cholesterol concentration?
Calculate the serum HDL cholesterol for a 42-year-old patient given: Absorbance of the sample: 0.357, Absorbance of the standard/calibrator: 0.368, Concentration of the standard/calibrator: 50 mg/dL. What is the HDL cholesterol concentration?
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Compute the serum triglyceride level for an adult patient given: Absorbance of the sample: 0.327, Absorbance of the standard/calibrator: 0.338, Concentration of the standard calibrator: 100 mg/dL. What is the triglyceride concentration?
Compute the serum triglyceride level for an adult patient given: Absorbance of the sample: 0.327, Absorbance of the standard/calibrator: 0.338, Concentration of the standard calibrator: 100 mg/dL. What is the triglyceride concentration?
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Which combination of indications is correct for cholesterol determination?
Which combination of indications is correct for cholesterol determination?
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What type of plasma is not preferred for lipid determination?
What type of plasma is not preferred for lipid determination?
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According to NCEP ATP III guidelines, a triglyceride level of 300 mg/dL is classified as what?
According to NCEP ATP III guidelines, a triglyceride level of 300 mg/dL is classified as what?
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What is the desirable adult cholesterol level in mmol/L?
What is the desirable adult cholesterol level in mmol/L?
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According to NCEP ATP III guidelines, a cholesterol level of 300 mg/dL puts an individual in which risk category?
According to NCEP ATP III guidelines, a cholesterol level of 300 mg/dL puts an individual in which risk category?
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Which of the following is not a cause of secondary triglyceridemia?
Which of the following is not a cause of secondary triglyceridemia?
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Which dyslipidemia arises due to an imbalance between the synthesis and clearance of VLDL in circulation?
Which dyslipidemia arises due to an imbalance between the synthesis and clearance of VLDL in circulation?
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Which gene is defective in Tangier's disease?
Which gene is defective in Tangier's disease?
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What is the preferred fasting duration for total cholesterol testing?
What is the preferred fasting duration for total cholesterol testing?
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Which is the reference method for total cholesterol measurement?
Which is the reference method for total cholesterol measurement?
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Which lipid profile component is tested using the Liebermann-Burchardt reaction?
Which lipid profile component is tested using the Liebermann-Burchardt reaction?
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What is the most common method to correct for endogenous glycerol in triglyceride measurement?
What is the most common method to correct for endogenous glycerol in triglyceride measurement?
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Which characteristic indicates combined hyperlipidemia?
Which characteristic indicates combined hyperlipidemia?
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What principle is involved in cholesterol measurement using the Abell-Kendall method?
What principle is involved in cholesterol measurement using the Abell-Kendall method?
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Study Notes
Fatty Acids
- A fatty acid with 12 carbon atoms is considered a short-chain fatty acid
- Unsaturated fatty acids lower the risk of cardiovascular disease
Cholesterol Biosynthesis
- HMG-CoA reductase is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis
Lipoproteins
- Apo A-I is the major protein of HDL
- Apo B-48 is exclusively found in chylomicrons
- VLDL is the major carrier of endogenous triglycerides
- HDL is considered "good cholesterol"
Specimen Collection
- Serum is the most commonly used specimen for total protein determination
- Lipemia, sample hemolysis, dehydration, and pregnancy can increase test results of total protein determination
Cholesterol Determination
- Cholesterol determination is indicated for screening, management of CVD, and diabetes mellitus
- The preferred sample for lipid determination is serum
- According to NCEP ATP III guidelines, a triglyceride level of 300 mg/dL is considered very high, and a cholesterol level of 300 mg/dL is considered high risk
- The desirable adult cholesterol level is 5.2 mmol/L or 200 mg/dL
- The sensitivity of the cholesterol method is 0.08 mmol/L
Triglycerides
- Secondary triglyceridemia can be caused by drugs, diet, LPL deficiency, and obesity
- Hypertriglyceridemia is characterized by elevated triglyceride levels
Lipid Profile
- Chylomicrons are the largest lipoproteins and carry exogenous triglycerides
- VLDL is the major carrier of endogenous triglycerides
- HDL is considered "good cholesterol" and is associated with decreased cardiovascular disease risk
Laboratory Methods
- The Liebermann-Burchardt method is a reference method for total cholesterol measurement
- The Van Handel & Zilversmith method is used to measure triglycerides
- The Abell-Kendall method is used to measure cholesterol
Dyslipidemias
- Hypercholesterolemia is characterized by elevated cholesterol levels
- Hypertriglyceridemia is characterized by elevated triglyceride levels
- Combined hyperlipoproteinemia is characterized by an imbalance between synthesis and clearance of VLDL
- Hypobetalipoproteinemia is a genetic disorder characterized by low LDL levels
Genetic Disorders
- Tangier's disease is caused by a defect in the ABCA1 gene
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Description
Review for Clinical Chemistry 1 final exam, covering fatty acids, lipoproteins, and related enzymes. Questions focus on the characteristics and functions of different types of fatty acids and lipoproteins.
