Unorganized Drugs Classification
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Questions and Answers

What color indicates adulteration with lead acetate in the gum tests?

  • White ppt (correct)
  • Olive green
  • Bluish turquoise
  • Black ppt

    • What is a significant characteristic of gum acacia?

  • Forms a red color with I2
  • Is soluble at all concentrations
  • Contains no polysaccharides
  • Forms gel with water even in very low concentration (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a use of gum acacia?

  • Tablet binder
  • Promoting weight loss
  • Suspending agent
  • Adverse reaction to drugs (correct)

    • What adverse effect is associated with the use of gum acacia?

    <p>Esophageal obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sugars are released upon hydrolysis of gum acacia?

    <p>Galactose and mannose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum percentage of morphine found in opium?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should NOT happen when incisions are made on the capsules?

    <p>The incision should penetrate the endocarp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the exuded milky latex after it is collected?

    <p>It rapidly coagulates and turns brown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alkaloids are derived from Papaver somniferum?

    <p>Morphine and Codeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are endogenous opioid peptides?

    <p>Natural peptides discovered in the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an opiate?

    <p>Fentanyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of scraping and drying the latex collected from capsules?

    <p>To manipulate it into various shapes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combination that alkaloids form with meconic acid?

    <p>Phenanthrene group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are gums primarily classified as?

    <p>Hydrocolloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a substance classified as a gum?

    <p>Gum Tragacanth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process describes the formation of gums in plants?

    <p>Gummosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following properties do gums exhibit in water?

    <p>They form a viscous colloidal solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of applications can gums be utilized for?

    <p>As film coating agents and stabilizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which plant is the air-dried gummy exudate mentioned derived?

    <p>Acacia senegal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the polysaccharides that make up gums?

    <p>They produce a mixture of sugars other than glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of gums?

    <p>Nutritive agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of physical character is exemplified by Opium?

    <p>Latex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a gum?

    <p>Gum Tragacanth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of agaropectin?

    <p>It affects the viscosity of the solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical test produces a white precipitate when BaCl2 is added to the filtrate of agar-agar?

    <p>Barium chloride test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification does Myrrh belong to?

    <p>Oleo-gum-resin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following uses is agar-agar NOT utilized?

    <p>As a plasma substitute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a saccharin derivative?

    <p>Agar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about gelatin is true?

    <p>It is produced from collagenous by-products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of extract is Agar classified as?

    <p>Extract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when powdered gelatin is mixed with soda lime?

    <p>It yields an ammonia odor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'oleo-gum-resin' refer to?

    <p>A combination of oils, gums, and resins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of Opium?

    <p>Unripe capsules of Papaver somniferum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does gelatin function in pharmacy?

    <p>It acts as a hardening agent in capsules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a balsam?

    <p>Benzoin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the result when mineral acids are added to a gelatin solution for adulteration testing?

    <p>It should yield no precipitate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of gelatin as a nutrient?

    <p>It is considered an incomplete nutrient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of physical character does Aloes represent?

    <p>Juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Guar gum classified as?

    <p>Gum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Aloe juice primarily obtained from?

    <p>Leaves of Aloe species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is notably present in Aloe juice?

    <p>Barbaloin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the concentrated juice of Aloe prepared?

    <p>By boiling for evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Bornträger test in relation to Aloe juice?

    <p>To determine the presence of aglycones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used in the Modified Bornträger test for Aloe juice?

    <p>Oxidative hydrolysis using FeCl3/HCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of classification does Aloe juice fall under based on its physical characteristics?

    <p>Juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key processes involved in obtaining juices like Aloe?

    <p>Evaporation of water contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of juice in the classification?

    <p>Gum Acacia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Unorganized Drugs

    • Classified according to physical characteristics
    • Includes: Latex, Extracts, Juice, Resin, and Gums

    Latex

    • Example: Opium
    • Obtained by incision from unripe capsules of Papaver somniferum L.
    • Contains at least 10% morphine and 2% codeine

    Extracts

    • Examples: Agar, Gelatin, Aloes
    • Various substances extracted from different sources

    Juice

    • Example: Aloes
    • Concentrated, dried juice from Aloe species leaves
    • Contains at least 28% hydroxyanthracene derivatives (barbaloin)

    Resin

    • Example: Colophony
    • Oleo-gum-resin (e.g., Myrrh, Olibanum, Guggul, Asafoetida)

    Gums

    • Examples: Gum Acacia, Gum Tragacanth, Guar gum
    • Hydrocolloids (either anionic or nonionic polysaccharides)
    • Produced by plants under abnormal growth conditions
    • Insoluble in most organic solvents

    Opium

    • Mixture of alkaloids derived from Papaver somniferum
    • Includes morphine and codeine
    • Collection and preparation involves incision of green poppy capsules in the afternoon, avoiding endocarp penetration.
    • Exuded latex coagulates and turns brown

    Alkaloids

    • Combined with meconic acid
    • Includes the Phenanthrene group (e.g., morphine, codeine)
    • Benzyl isoquinoline group (e.g., papaverine)
    • Phenyl alkyl amines (e.g., narceine)
    • Morphine: effective pain killer (cancer), antiperistaltic (constipation), and respiratory depressant.
    • Heroin is illegal and highly addictive, a morphine substitute with faster brain effects but highly addictive.

    Extracts - Agar-Agar

    • Also known as Japanese Isinglass
    • Polysaccharides from Rhodophyceae (red algae) species like Gelidium
    • Prepared by bleaching, boiling, concentrating and drying
    • Contains constituents such as agarose and agaropectin

    Extracts - Gelatin

    • Soluble protein from collagenous by-products (e.g., skin, bones, tendons)
    • Partial hydrolysis of insoluble collagen
    • Useful in pharmacy (suppositories, tablets, capsules, suspending and stabilizing agents), bacteriological culture medium, and microencapsulation
    • Must not contain chondrin

    Tests for Identity

    • Tests for meconic acid involve adding ferric chloride to filtrate from 1 gram of powdered drug in 5 mL water/ 5 minutes, a red color will not disappear with acidic conditions
    • Test for Morphine includes Evaporating 1 mL filtrate, adding formaldehyde and H2SO4, and a crimson red color appears.

    Chemical Tests - Agar Agar

    • Powder turns crimson red with N/50 Iodine, boiled with HCl filtrate with BaCl2 will yield a white precipitate.

    Uses - Gums/Guar Gum

    • Tablet binder, suspending agent, managing blood glucose, and laxative
    • Also, a wound healing and cough/cold medicine
    • May cause adverse reactions like flatulence, affecting absorption of other medications and esophageal obstruction

    Juices

    • Fluid plant saps with dissolved substances
    • Collected and dried by evaporation
    • Includes Aloes (Aloe species Liliaceae)

    Juices - Aloes

    • Concentrated, dried juice from Aloe species leaves
    • Contains hydroxy-anthracene derivatives such as barbaloin (at least 28%)

    Juices - Aloes - Chemical Tests - Bornträger and Modified Bornträger)

    • Bornträger test shows aglycones producing a rose-red color
    • Modified Bornträger test using FeCl3/HCl hydrolysis yields free aglycones

    Juices - Aloes - Uses

    • Stimulant laxative, carminative, antiseptic, antibacterial, treatment for burns, respiratory disorders.

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    Lecture 2 Unorganised Drugs - PUA PDF

    Description

    Explore the classification of unorganized drugs based on their physical characteristics including latex, extracts, juice, resin, and gums. Delve into examples such as opium, aloe, and myrrh to understand their properties and sources. This quiz will deepen your understanding of these unique substances derived from plants.

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