Questions and Answers
What percentage of volatile oil is typically found in frereana and other species of Boswellia?
Which two components make up the polysaccharide found in the gum of Boswellia?
What was a historical use of olibanum in China?
What is the primary protein found in gelatin?
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In which of the following is gelatin NOT typically used?
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What property of olibanum was reported in animal studies?
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What is the primary use of granular grades of gum mentioned in the content?
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Which two principal constituents make up agar?
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How does agar behave in cold water?
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What color does agar turn when mixed with KOH?
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What is the primary origin of Gum Arabic?
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Which of the following best describes the composition of Acacia?
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What is one of the uses of agar as mentioned?
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What is one of the primary uses of Gum Arabic in pharmaceutical formulations?
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What test can be performed to identify agar using ruthenium red?
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Which statement about Acacia’s solubility is correct?
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What transformation occurs when sterculia gum is boiled with potash?
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What effect does Acacia have when mixed with lead subacetate solution?
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What form of frankincense is obtained from Boswellia carterii?
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What is a key characteristic of unorganized drugs?
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Which component is NOT found in Acacia?
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What happens during acid hydrolysis of Acacia?
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What indicates the presence of peroxidase in mucilage?
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What are the two main fractions contained in Tragacanth?
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What color does Tragacanth produce with a stronger iodine solution?
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Which method of chromatography is suggested for identifying gum?
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Which substances can be identified in the products of hydrolysis of Tragacanth?
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What is a primary use of Tragacanth in pharmacy?
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What is an observable characteristic of Tragacanth when it is in water?
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What type of tree does Sterculia gum originate from?
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Study Notes
UNORGANIZED DRUGS
- Define as crude drugs from plant or animal sources, lacking cellular structure; may be mixtures or decomposition products.
- Classified into Gums, Lattices, Juices, Resins, and resin combinations.
GUM ARABIC
- Sourced from Acacia senegal and other Acacia species, primarily from Sudan and West Africa.
- Complex composition includes arabin, calcium salts of Arabic acid, polysaccharides, proteins, and approximately 47% water.
- Functions as a general stabilizer in emulsions and lozenges; used in cough and diarrhea preparations.
- Test methods:
- Nearly fully soluble in equal weight of water.
- Precipitation reaction with lead subacetate; no precipitate with lead acetate.
- Blue color with benzidine and hydrogen peroxide indicates peroxidase presence.
GUM TRAGACANTH
- Obtained from Astragalus microcephalus and related species across Western Asia.
- Composed of two fractions: tragacanthin (water-soluble) and bassorin (water-insoluble).
- Used in pharmaceuticals as a suspending agent and binder in tablets.
- Test observations:
- Swells in water to a gelatinous mass.
- Color change with iodine solutions indicating component breakdown.
STERCULIA GUMS
- Extracted from Sterculia urens, mostly produced in India and Pakistan.
- Partial hydrolysis yields D-galactose, L-rhamnose, and D-galacturonic acid.
- Granular form serves as a bulk laxative; powdered form used in pastes and denture fixatives.
- Low solubility in water but swells significantly; color change upon boiling with potash.
AGAR (JAPANESE ISSINGLASS)
- Derived from species of red algae, especially Gelidium.
- Major components include agarose (neutral polymer) and agaropectin (sulphonated polysaccharide).
- Identifies through solubility tests: insoluble in cold water but swells and dissolves in boiling water.
- Functions as a laxative, suspending agent, and disintegrant for tablets; also used in bacteriological media.
OLIBANUM (FRANKINCENSE)
- Oleogum resin obtained from Boswellia species, native to northeastern Africa and Arabia.
- Contains 3-8% volatile oil, 60-70% resin, and polysaccharides of galactose and arabinose.
- Historically used in incense and believed to have anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, as well as cognitive enhancement in animals.
GELATIN
- Obtained by treating animal tissues, mainly skin and bones, with hot water to convert collagen into soluble gelatin.
- Primarily composed of glutin protein, indicating positive tests for proteins.
- Commonly used in capsule preparation, food products, and bacteriological culture media.
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Description
Test your knowledge on unorganized drugs, including types such as gums, resins, and juices. This quiz covers the properties and classifications of these drugs derived from plant and animal origins. Enhance your understanding of materials like Gum Arabic and their uses.
