33 Questions
Which of the following best defines metabolism?
The sum of chemical processes within an organism that are necessary to sustain life
What is the common currency for energy exchange in metabolism?
ATP
What do organisms use energy for?
All of the above
Which metabolic pathway is responsible for the degradation of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids?
Lipolysis
What is the end product of glycolysis?
Pyruvate
Which metabolic pathway is responsible for the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources?
Gluconeogenesis
What is the main function of the urea cycle?
Elimination of nitrogenous waste from the body
Which molecule acts as the free energy donor in most energy-requiring processes?
ATP
Which of the following is NOT directly or indirectly metabolized to generate ATP and NADH?
Water
What is the fundamental mode of energy exchange in biology?
ATP hydrolysis
What is the ΔG value for the reaction Glucose + ATP → Glucose-6-Phosphate + ADP?
-16.7 kJ/mol
Which component of blood makes up approximately 55% of its composition?
Plasma
What is the normal pH range of blood?
7.35-7.45
Which organ is responsible for the production of red blood cells?
Bone marrow
Which of the following is the primary component of blood that carries oxygen to the body tissues?
Red cells (erythrocytes)
Where does haemopoiesis mainly occur in adults?
Pelvis
Which of the following is true about the life span of a red blood cell (RBC)?
RBCs have a life span of approximately 120 days
Which of the following is a specialized protein that transports oxygen in heart and skeletal muscle cells?
Myoglobin
Which molecule binds to deoxy-Hb only, decreasing its affinity for O2?
2,3-BPG
What is the effect of elevated 2,3-BPG concentrations on the delivery of O2 to tissues?
Increased delivery of O2
What physiological states increase the tissue requirement for oxygen and push the oxygen dissociation curve to the right?
Hypoxia, low altitude, and chronic anemia
What is the mnemonic 'CADET, face Right' used to remember?
The factors that increase tissue requirement for oxygen
Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in the size of cells without an increase in cell number?
Hypertrophy
Which type of necrosis is characterized by a cheese-like appearance and is often associated with tuberculosis?
Caseous necrosis
Which type of cellular adaptation involves a change in the normal type of cells present in a tissue or organ?
Metaplasia
What is metaplasia?
A reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type
What is a common example of metaplasia caused by cigarette smoking?
Respiratory epithelium changes to stratified squamous
What are the causes of cell injury?
Oxygen deprivation, physical agents, chemical agents, infectious agents, immunologic reactions, genetic defects, nutritional deficiency or excess
What are the irreversible changes that occur in cellular injury?
Increased mitochondrial permeability, rupture of lysosomes, membrane rupture, nuclear changes
Which type of necrosis is characteristic of tuberculous infection?
Caseous necrosis
What is the morphological change that follows cell death in a living tissue?
Pyknosis
Which type of necrosis is characterized by the transformation of solid tissue into a liquid mass?
Liquefactive necrosis
What is the main function of apoptosis?
All of the above
Test your knowledge of metabolism with this quiz from the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical University of Bahrain. Learn about cellular metabolism, anabolism, catabolism, metabolic pathways, and more. Explore the inter-relationships between carbohydrate, amino-acid, and lipid metabolism.
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